Migraine is a neurological condition characterized by severe and recurring headaches, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

It affects approximately 1 billion people worldwide and is more common in women than men. While migraines can vary in severity and duration, they can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. Recognizing the signs of a migraine can help individuals seek appropriate treatment and management strategies.

Here are 11 telltale signs that may indicate a migraine:.

1. Intense Headache

The most prominent and recognizable symptom of a migraine is a severe headache. Unlike a regular headache, migraine pain is often described as throbbing or pulsating and can affect one side or both sides of the head.

The intensity of the pain can be debilitating and may last anywhere from a few hours to several days.

2. Aura

Aura refers to a group of sensory disturbances that some individuals experience before or during a migraine attack.

These disruptions may include visual disturbances such as flashing lights, blind spots, or zigzag lines; sensory disturbances like tingling or numbness in the face or hands; or difficulty speaking or finding the right words.

3. Sensitivity to Light

Many people with migraines experience photophobia, which is an extreme sensitivity to light. Exposure to bright lights, sunlight, or even flickering screens can exacerbate migraine symptoms and increase discomfort.

It is common for individuals with migraines to seek out dark, quiet environments during an attack.

4. Sensitivity to Sound

In addition to sensitivity to light, individuals with migraines may also become sensitive to sound. Noises that are normally tolerable can become painful and aggravating during a migraine attack.

Common triggers include loud music, conversations, or even everyday sounds like a ringing phone or a car engine.

5. Nausea and Vomiting

Approximately 50-60% of people who experience migraines also report nausea and sometimes vomiting. This symptom often develops during the headache phase and can significantly worsen overall discomfort.

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Nausea and vomiting may also lead to dehydration, making it important to stay hydrated during an attack.

6. Throbbing Pain

Migraine pain is typically characterized by a throbbing or pulsating sensation. This rhythmic pain can make it challenging to concentrate or engage in regular activities, causing individuals to seek relief in dark and quiet environments.

The intensity of the throbbing can vary from person to person and even between individual attacks.

7. Visual Disturbances

Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or seeing bright spots or flashes, are common migraine symptoms. These visual disturbances, which often occur during the aura phase, can be extremely disorienting and may last for a few minutes to an hour.

It is crucial not to ignore these signs and seek appropriate medical attention.

8. Fatigue

After a migraine attack, individuals often experience a sense of exhaustion and mental fog, commonly referred to as postdrome or the migraine “hangover.” The fatigue can persist for hours or even days after the migraine has subsided, making it important to prioritize rest and self-care during this recovery phase.

9. Loss of Appetite

Many people with migraines experience a loss of appetite during an attack. The combination of nausea, vomiting, and extreme discomfort can make it challenging to eat or drink.

However, it is crucial to maintain proper nutrition and hydration, especially during an episode, to support the body’s recovery.

10. Neck Stiffness

Neck stiffness is a common symptom associated with migraines. It may arise during a headache or even before the onset of pain.

The tightness and discomfort in the neck can further contribute to overall headache intensity and may persist after the migraine has subsided.

11. Cognitive Impairment

Migraines can significantly impact cognitive function, leading to difficulties with concentration, memory, and focus. Many individuals report feeling mentally foggy or slow during an attack, which can interfere with daily tasks and responsibilities.

It is important to be patient with oneself and allow for additional rest and recovery time.