Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often disabling disease that affects the central nervous system.
Like many illnesses, MS has varying symptoms and severity levels, but there are also some symptoms that aren’t often discussed or recognized by those with the disease. These latent symptoms can go unnoticed, but they can also have a significant impact on an individual’s day-to-day life. In this article, we’ll explore some of the lesser-known symptoms of MS and how they can be managed.
Vision Changes
While vision changes are a well-known symptom of MS, some people with the disease may experience symptoms that go beyond what is typically discussed.
In addition to blurry vision or double vision, MS can cause optic neuritis, which is inflammation of the optic nerve. This can lead to pain or loss of vision in one or both eyes. Additionally, about 25% of people with MS experience nystagmus, which is rapid and uncontrolled eye movements. These can make it difficult to focus on objects or maintain balance.
To manage these symptoms, your doctor may recommend optic nerve steroids or eye patches to help correct vision impairment.
Cognitive Changes
Cognitive changes can also be a symptom of MS that goes overlooked or disregarded. This can take the form of memory loss, difficulty concentrating, or problems with executive function, which is the ability to plan and execute tasks.
These symptoms can have a significant impact on an individual’s ability to work or socialize. They can also be difficult to manage, as there is no universally agreed upon treatment. Some people with MS find success with cognitive rehabilitation therapy, which involves exercises and strategies to improve cognitive function.
Itching and Pain
While most people with MS are aware of the possibility of pain, some may not realize that it can manifest in unexpected ways. MS can cause neuropathic pain, which is a type of pain caused by nerve damage.
This can take the form of burning, stabbing, or itching sensations. Additionally, people with MS may experience allodynia, which is a painful response to normally benign stimuli (such as clothing or wind).
There are many different medications that can be used to manage neuropathic pain, including anticonvulsants and antidepressants. Physical therapy or massage may also be helpful in managing muscle-related aches and pains.
Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction is another symptom of MS that can be difficult to discuss or manage. MS can cause numbness or tingling in genital areas, as well as difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection or orgasm.
Additionally, the fatigue and pain associated with the disease can make it difficult to engage in sexual activity. Communication with partners and healthcare providers is important in managing sexual dysfunction related to MS. Medications like Viagra may be helpful in treating erectile dysfunction.
Physical therapy or counseling may also be beneficial in addressing emotional barriers related to sexual dysfunction.
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Bladder and Bowel Issues
Bladder and bowel problems are often an unexpected and emotionally challenging symptom of MS. These issues can take the form of urgency, hesitancy, incontinence, or constipation.
They are caused by damage to the nerves that control these functions of the body. There are medications that can be used to manage bladder and bowel issues, as well as techniques like pelvic floor exercises to improve muscle strength and control. In some cases, catheters or augmentation surgery may be recommended to manage symptoms.
Mood Changes
Mood changes can also be a significant symptom of MS that isn’t often discussed. Fatigue, pain, and cognitive changes related to the disease can all lead to feelings of depression or anxiety.
Additionally, the diagnosis and management of MS can be stressful and overwhelming. There are many different treatment options for depression and anxiety, including medication and therapy.
It’s important to communicate with your healthcare provider about any mood changes you’re experiencing, as they can have a significant impact on your quality of life.
Numbness and Tingling
Numbness and tingling in the extremities (such as the hands and feet) is a well-known symptom of MS. However, some people with the disease may experience these sensations in unexpected areas of the body.
This can include the face, trunk, or even the tongue. There are many medications available to manage these symptoms, as well as physical therapy techniques like stretching and massage to improve circulation and sensation.
Speech and Swallowing Difficulties
Speech and swallowing difficulties are another symptom of MS that can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. MS can cause dysarthria, which is difficulty with clear speech due to muscle weakness or control issues.
Additionally, MS can cause dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing. These symptoms can be managed with speech therapy, which involves exercises to improve muscle strength and control. In some cases, a feeding tube may be necessary to manage swallowing difficulties.
Heat Sensitivity
Heat sensitivity is a symptom of MS that is often overlooked or difficult to manage. Exposure to high temperatures or humidity can cause or exacerbate symptoms like fatigue, weakness, or dizziness.
This can make it difficult to engage in activities like exercising or spending time outdoors. To manage heat sensitivity, it’s important to stay cool and hydrated. This may involve avoiding activities during the hottest parts of the day, wearing cooling garments, or using air conditioning.
Fatigue
Fatigue is a common symptom of many chronic illnesses, including MS. While fatigue can be difficult to manage, it can also have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life.
MS-related fatigue can be caused by a variety of factors, including depression, pain, or poor sleep. There are many different techniques for managing fatigue related to MS, including behavioral changes (such as getting regular exercise and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule), medications, and therapy.
