Blood in faeces, also known as hematochezia, is a concerning symptom that should not be ignored. While it can be alarming to see blood in your stools, it is important to understand that it doesn’t always indicate a serious health condition.
In some cases, it may be a result of a minor issue that can be easily remedied. However, it is crucial to identify the underlying cause of blood in faeces to ensure appropriate treatment.
In this article, we will discuss the top four likely causes of blood in faeces and provide insights on how to recognize and manage them effectively.
1. Hemorrhoids
One of the most common causes of blood in faeces is hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels that develop in the rectal area. When these blood vessels become irritated or inflamed, they can bleed, resulting in blood in stools.
Hemorrhoids can be both internal and external, and the severity of bleeding can vary.
Typically, hemorrhoids cause bright red blood in faeces or on toilet paper after wiping. Along with blood, individuals may experience anal itching, pain, or discomfort.
Hemorrhoids can be caused by various factors, including straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting or standing, chronic constipation, and pregnancy.
Treatment for hemorrhoids often involves lifestyle and dietary modifications, such as increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, avoiding straining during bowel movements, and using over-the-counter creams or treatments to reduce itching and inflammation. In severe cases, surgical procedures or other medical interventions may be necessary.
2. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding refers to the presence of blood in any part of the digestive tract, including the stomach, intestines, rectum, or anus.
This type of bleeding can occur due to various reasons, such as ulcers, gastritis, Crohn’s disease, diverticular disease, or colorectal cancer.
Gastrointestinal bleeding can manifest as blood in stools, either visibly or in a hidden form (occult bleeding).
If the bleeding occurs in the upper digestive tract, the blood may appear black or tarry, indicating a more significant concern that requires immediate medical attention. On the other hand, bright red blood in faeces suggests lower gastrointestinal bleeding originating from the colon or rectum.
Identifying the underlying cause of gastrointestinal bleeding requires a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional. Diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, or imaging tests, may be performed to determine the source of bleeding.
Treatment depends on the specific cause, ranging from medication to surgical interventions to manage the bleeding and address any underlying conditions.
3. Diverticular Disease
Diverticular disease is characterized by the presence of small pouches (diverticula) that form in the lining of the colon or large intestine. Diverticula typically develop with age and are commonly seen in individuals over the age of 40.
In most cases, diverticular disease is asymptomatic, but it can lead to complications such as diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding.
Diverticular bleeding occurs when blood vessels in the diverticula rupture and bleed into the colon. This can result in the presence of blood in faeces.
Diverticular bleeding often presents as painless rectal bleeding, and the amount of blood can range from mild to severe. However, typically, diverticular bleeding stops on its own without requiring specific treatment.
If diverticular bleeding is persistent or severe, medical intervention may be necessary. In such cases, procedures like angiography or colonoscopy can be performed to locate the bleeding site and potentially treat it.
Preventive measures for diverticular disease include maintaining a high-fiber diet, regular exercise, and adequate hydration to promote good bowel movements.
4. Colorectal Cancer
While less common than the aforementioned causes, colorectal cancer can also be a reason for blood in faeces. Colorectal cancer refers to the development of cancerous growths in the colon, rectum, or appendix.
As these growths (tumors) enlarge, they can bleed and cause blood to appear in stools.
Blood in faeces caused by colorectal cancer may be accompanied by other symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or a feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation.
It is important to note that these symptoms may not always be present, and the absence of these symptoms does not rule out the possibility of colorectal cancer.
Early detection of colorectal cancer is vital for successful treatment. Regular screening tests, such as colonoscopy or fecal occult blood tests, are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or for those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Treatment for colorectal cancer may involve surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Conclusion
When blood appears in faeces, it is crucial to identify the underlying cause to ensure appropriate treatment.
While the top four likely causes discussed in this article are common reasons behind blood in stools, there can be other potential factors as well. It is advised to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation if you notice blood in your stools or experience any accompanying symptoms.
Early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes and help manage any underlying conditions effectively.
