Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease are two of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases around the world. Both conditions exhibit symptoms which can be very similar, yet have some fundamental differences.

These conditions can be very challenging to diagnose since they often have symptoms and signs similar to other gastrointestinal disorders. In this article, we will explore ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s Disease, their symptoms, causes, diagnostic procedure, and treatment options.

What is Ulcerative Colitis?

Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic and inflammatory condition affecting the colon, and sometimes the rectum.

The colon, also known as the large intestine, is the final part of the digestive system, responsible for the elimination of waste products from the body. In people with ulcerative colitis, the inner lining of the colon and rectum become inflamed, leading to bleeding, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. It is most prevalent in people from the ages of 15 to 30 and 50 to 70.

Its exact etiology remains unknown, but it is widely believed that an overactive immune system causes the disorder.

Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

The symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis can vary depending on the severity, duration of the disease, and the extent of inflammation. Some people may not experience any symptoms for some time, while others may have more severe symptoms from the beginning.

Ulcerative colitis typically has the following symptoms:.

Low-grade fever
Cramps and abdominal pain
Frequent, urgent, painful Bowl Movements
Bloody, pus-filled stool
Anemia- due to the loss of blood in the stool
Weight loss
Fatigue
Reduced appetite

What is Crohn’s Disease?

Crohn’s Disease is a chronic, idiopathic, and transmural inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. It most commonly affects the small and large intestine.

Like ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease is thought to be caused by an overactive immune system. Crohn’s disease can lead to an array of symptoms ranging from mild to severe, which makes it a very challenging condition to manage.

Symptoms of Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s Disease can lead to an array of symptoms, which can vary depending on the severity of the disease, the location of the affected area, and the extent of inflammation.

Some people with Crohn’s Disease may not show symptoms for a long time, while others may have mild or severe symptoms. Common symptoms of Crohn’s disease include:.

Abdominal pain, cramping, and bloating
Chronic diarrhea
Blood in the stool
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Low grade fever, fatigue, and weakness
Anemia- due to the loss of blood in the stool
Mouth ulcers
Perianal disease

Diagnostic Procedure for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease

The diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease is based on:

Medical history
Physical examination
Laboratory tests
Endoscopy and biopsy
Imaging studies

Medical History and Physical Examination

The doctor may ask for a detailed medical history, including symptoms, family history of inflammatory bowel disease, recent travel, and dietary habits. The physician will also assess the severity of symptoms, the extent of inflammation, and tenderness in the abdomen.

Laboratory Tests

Laboratory tests like blood tests and stool tests are useful in identifying the presence of inflammation, anemia, and blood in the stool. These tests can also rule out other gastrointestinal diseases.

Endoscopy and Biopsy

Endoscopy involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera attached to it into the rectum or mouth. The device allows the physician to examine the inner lining of the digestive tract to determine the extent and location of inflammation.

During the endoscopy, the physician may take small tissue samples that can be viewed under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

Imaging Studies

Imaging studies like X-ray, CT scanning, or MRI can help identify the extent and severity of inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

However, they cannot confirm the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s Disease, these tests can assist the doctor in evaluating the extent of the disease.

Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease

The treatment for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease aims to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and prevent complications. The treatment options include:.

Medications

Medical treatment is the first line of therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The medications used to treat these conditions include:.

Aminosalicylates
Corticosteroids
Antibiotics
Immunomodulators
Biologics

Dietary Changes

Changing the diet can help alleviate the symptoms of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s Disease. Reducing the intake of fiber, dairy, and caffeine, and avoiding spicy and fatty foods can help improve symptoms.

A high-calorie diet with a low fiber content is often recommended to help patients maintain weight and remain nourished.

Surgery

Surgery is reserved for patients who fail medical treatment or have a severe and life-threatening condition. Surgery involves part of the colon or intestine removal, called a resection.

In severe cases of ulcerative colitis, total colectomy, and ileostomy may be necessary.

Conclusion

Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease may have similar symptoms, but they have different causes and can affect any part of the digestive tract.

These conditions can be tough to diagnose because they have symptoms and signs similar to other intestinal disorders. The treatment options for both conditions vary depending on the severity of the disease and the location of the affected area.

Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention if you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above to start treatment early.