Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast tissue. Although breast cancer can occur in both men and women, it is much more common in women.

According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women (excluding skin cancers) and is the second leading cause of cancer death in women (after lung cancer). However, thanks to advances in early detection and treatment, many women with breast cancer can now survive the disease and go on to live fulfilling lives.

What Causes Breast Cancer?

The exact causes of breast cancer are not fully understood. However, research has identified certain risk factors that can increase a woman’s chances of developing the disease. Some of the most common risk factors for breast cancer include:.

Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as a woman gets older, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
Family History: Women who have a mother, sister, or daughter who has been diagnosed with breast cancer have a higher risk of developing the disease themselves.
BRCA Genes: Some women have mutations in their BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that can increase their risk of developing breast cancer.
Hormone Levels: Women who have higher levels of estrogen and progesterone over their lifetime may have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
Lifestyle Factors: Certain lifestyle factors, such as lack of physical activity, obesity, and alcohol consumption, have been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.

What are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

One of the reasons why early detection is so important for breast cancer is because there may be no symptoms in the early stages of the disease.

As the cancer grows, however, it can cause changes in the breast tissue that can be noticed by women or their doctors. Some of the most common symptoms of breast cancer include:.

A new lump or mass in the breast or underarm area
Swelling or thickening of part of the breast
Irritation or dimpling of breast skin
Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area
Pain in any area of the breast

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

If a woman notices any changes in her breast tissue or has any other symptoms that could be associated with breast cancer, her doctor will likely recommend tests to help diagnose the disease.

Some of the most common tests used to diagnose breast cancer include:.

Mammogram: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast tissue that can detect abnormalities or masses in the breast.
Ultrasound: An ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
Biopsy: A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to see if cancer cells are present.

What Are the Treatment Options for Breast Cancer?

The treatment options for breast cancer may vary depending on the stage and progression of the disease, as well as other individual factors. Some of the most common types of treatment for breast cancer include:.

Surgery: Surgery may be used to remove the cancerous tissue from the breast, or to remove the entire breast (mastectomy).
Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy may be used to block the hormones that help some breast cancers grow.

Conclusion

Although breast cancer is a serious disease that affects many women, advances in early detection and treatment have led to improved outcomes for many patients.

If you are concerned about your risk for breast cancer, talk to your doctor about screening and prevention options that may be available to you.