As a woman, experiencing changes in your body during your menstrual cycle is not uncommon.

However, if you are experiencing symptoms that are interfering with your daily life, it may indicate a condition called endometriosis or premenstrual syndrome (PMS). While both conditions can cause discomfort, understanding their differences can help you seek appropriate treatment. This article will discuss endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome, their signs and symptoms, and available treatment options.

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition where the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, leading to the formation of cysts and scar tissues in the pelvic region. This tissue growth can cause pain, heavy periods, and sometimes infertility.

The tissue can also spread to other organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and bowels.

Signs and Symptoms of Endometriosis

The most common symptoms of endometriosis include:.

Excruciating menstrual cramps that worsen over time
Heavy menstrual bleeding or irregular periods
Abdominal, lower back, and pelvic pain, especially during or after sex
Painful bowel movements or urination, especially during periods
Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant

What is Premenstrual Syndrome?

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a group of symptoms that a woman experiences before the start of her menstrual cycle. These can begin a week or two before the period starts and usually subsides during menstruation.

It is estimated that about 75% of menstruating women experience at least one symptom of PMS each month.

Signs and Symptoms of PMS

PMS can cause both physical and emotional symptoms, such as:.

Bloating and weight gain
Headaches
Acne breakout
Breast tenderness
Mood swings, irritability and anxiety
Depression
Food cravings or appetite changes
Fatigue and insomnia

How to Manage Endometriosis Symptoms?

Endometriosis treatment is aimed at relieving the symptoms and reducing the spread of tissue growth. The following treatment options are available:.

Pain medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen can be used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
Hormone therapy: Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills, progestin therapy, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can reduce estrogen levels, and slow down the growth of tissue outside the uterus.
Surgery: Laparoscopic surgery can be used to remove endometriosis growths, cysts, and scar tissues. In severe cases, a hysterectomy may be recommended.

How to Manage PMS Symptoms?

Several lifestyle changes can help manage PMS symptoms, including:.

Regular Exercise: Exercise can alleviate mood swings and depression and reduce bloating
Diet adjustments: Avoiding caffeine, salty foods, sugary foods and alcohol can relieve bloating and help with mood swings and irritability
Stress management- practicing stress-relieving activities or mindful meditation can help reduce anxiety and emotional symptoms
Supplements: Magnesium and vitamin B6 supplements have shown to be helpful for breast tenderness and mood symptoms

Conclusion

As a woman, experiencing changes in your body during your menstrual cycle is common. However, if you are experiencing symptoms that are interfering with your daily life, it may indicate endometriosis or premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

While both conditions can cause discomfort, understanding their differences can help you seek appropriate treatment. With proper medical attention, you can manage these conditions and live a comfortable life.