Hypothyroidism, also known as an underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland located in the neck doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones.

This problem causes a reduction in the body’s metabolism rate, leading to various symptoms. It’s more common among women and people over 60 years of age. In this article, we will explore the symptoms and causes of hypothyroidism.

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

The symptoms of hypothyroidism depend on the severity of the condition. Some people might experience only mild symptoms, while others might suffer from severe symptoms. The most common symptoms of an underactive thyroid gland include:.

Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
Feeling tired and sluggish
Cold intolerance
Constipation
Dry skin, hair and nails
Depression
Joint and muscle pain
High cholesterol levels
Heavy menstrual periods (in women)
Hoarseness in the voice

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, you should consider consulting a doctor to rule out hypothyroidism or any other underlying medical condition.

What are the causes of hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is caused by various factors, which can affect the thyroid gland’s ability to produce enough hormones. Here are some of the common causes of an underactive thyroid gland:.

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune disorders are one of the leading causes of hypothyroidism worldwide. It occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage to the gland, which affects its ability to produce hormones.

The most common autoimmune disorder responsible for hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Radioactive Iodine Treatment

Radioactive iodine treatment is a process where the thyroid gland is intentionally damaged using a radioactive substance to treat thyroid cancer and hyperactive thyroid gland.

This treatment can cause hypothyroidism in some people, leading to an underactive thyroid gland.

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine is an essential mineral that is required for the production of thyroid hormones. An inadequate amount of iodine in the diet can lead to hypothyroidism, especially in areas where the population has limited access to iodine-rich foods.

Surgical Removal of the Thyroid Gland

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland, also known as a thyroidectomy, is performed to treat thyroid cancer and other thyroid disorders. In some cases, the procedure can damage the gland, leading to reduced production of thyroid hormones.

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism is a rare condition that occurs in newborns when their thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones. It can lead to growth and developmental issues if left untreated.

Pituitary Disorders

The pituitary gland located in the brain controls the production of thyroid hormones. Any disorders that affect the pituitary gland’s functioning can lead to reduced secretion of thyroid hormones, leading to hypothyroidism.

Conclusion

Hypothyroidism is a common medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide.

Understanding its symptoms and causes can help individuals take preventative measures to avoid the condition, or seek treatment early if they experience any symptoms. If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s essential to consult a medical professional to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment for the condition.