Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the skin, causing inflammation and the buildup of scaly, red patches that can be itchy and painful.

It is estimated that around 2-3% of the global population has psoriasis, and it can occur at any age, although it is most commonly diagnosed in adults. Here is everything you need to know about psoriasis, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

What Causes Psoriasis?

The exact cause of psoriasis is still unknown, but researchers believe that it is an autoimmune condition, in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy skin cells.

Genetics and environmental factors may also play a role in developing psoriasis.

Psoriasis can be triggered by a variety of factors, including stress, infections, injuries to the skin, and certain medications.

In addition, certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, may increase the risk of developing psoriasis.

Symptoms of Psoriasis

The most common symptoms of psoriasis are red, scaly patches on the skin, which may be itchy or painful. These patches are often found on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, but they can occur anywhere on the body.

In addition to these patches, people with psoriasis may also experience dry, cracked skin or joint pain and stiffness.

Psoriasis is a chronic condition, which means that symptoms can last for weeks or months and may come and go over time. Symptoms may also change in severity or location, depending on the individual and the specific type of psoriasis.

Types of Psoriasis

There are several different types of psoriasis, each with its own set of symptoms and characteristics:.

Plaque Psoriasis

This is the most common type of psoriasis, accounting for around 80-90% of all cases. Plaque psoriasis causes red, scaly patches on the skin, which may be itchy or painful.

Guttate Psoriasis

This type of psoriasis is more common in children and young adults. It causes small, red spots on the skin, which may appear after a streptococcal infection.

Pustular Psoriasis

As the name suggests, this type of psoriasis causes pus-filled blisters on the skin, which may be accompanied by fever, chills, and other flu-like symptoms.

Inverse Psoriasis

This type of psoriasis occurs in the folds of the skin, such as the armpits, groin, and under the breasts. It causes smooth, red patches that can be sore or itchy.

Erythrodermic Psoriasis

This is the least common type of psoriasis, but is also the most severe. It causes widespread redness, scaling, and itching, and can lead to dehydration, infection, and other serious complications.

Treating Psoriasis

Although there is no known cure for psoriasis, there are several treatment options available that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These treatments fall into two main categories: topical medications and systemic medications.

Topical Medications

Topical medications are applied directly to the skin, and may include:.

Corticosteroids: These are anti-inflammatory medications that can reduce redness, itching, and swelling.
Coal tar: This can help slow down the growth of skin cells and reduce inflammation.
Calcitriol: This is a type of vitamin D that can help reduce the production of skin cells.
Salicylic acid: This can help remove scales and smooth the skin.

Systemic Medications

Systemic medications are taken orally or by injection, and may include:.

Methotrexate: This is a type of chemotherapy drug that can suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
Cyclosporine: This is an immunosuppressant drug that can reduce inflammation and slow down the growth of skin cells.
Biologics: These are a newer type of medication that target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation in the skin.

Your doctor will work with you to determine the best treatment plan based on your individual symptoms and medical history.

Preventing Psoriasis

While it’s not always possible to prevent psoriasis, there are certain lifestyle factors that may help reduce your risk, or prevent symptoms from worsening:.

Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Eat a healthy, balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Manage stress through activities like yoga, meditation, or exercise.
Avoid triggers that may worsen symptoms, such as certain medications or skin injuries.

Conclusion

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects millions of people worldwide. While there is no known cure, there are several treatment options available that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for psoriasis, you can take a proactive approach to managing this condition and living a healthy, happy life.