Psychogenic cough, also known as habit cough, is a unique condition that affects children. It is a repetitive cough that is not caused by any physical illness or irritants in the airways.

Instead, it is believed to be a result of psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or a coping mechanism for emotional distress. In this article, pediatrician Marialena Kyriakakou provides insights into psychogenic cough in kids, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and potential treatment options.

Understanding Psychogenic Cough

Psychogenic cough is a functional cough disorder that typically affects otherwise healthy children. It is known as a habit cough because it is often frequent, persistent, and repetitive, almost becoming a learned behavior.

Unlike a cough caused by a viral or bacterial infection, psychogenic cough does not produce any symptoms of illness such as fever, nasal congestion, or respiratory difficulties.

Psychogenic cough is usually described as a dry, barking cough that worsens during specific situations, such as when the child is stressed, anxious, or in a public setting.

It is important to note that psychogenic cough is not a conscious behavior on the child’s part but rather a reflexive response triggered by psychological factors.

The Causes of Psychogenic Cough

The exact cause of psychogenic cough is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to underlying psychological factors. Children who experience psychogenic cough often have higher levels of anxiety, stress, or emotional distress.

This cough becomes a coping mechanism for them, providing temporary relief or distraction from their emotional issues.

Psychogenic cough can also be triggered by certain environmental factors, such as changes in routine, new school settings, or traumatic events.

It is important to explore any potential triggers and understand the child’s emotional well-being to effectively address their cough.

Symptoms of Psychogenic Cough

The primary symptom of psychogenic cough is a persistent and recurrent cough that does not resolve with conventional cough medications or treatments.

Other symptoms related to physical illness, such as fever, runny nose, or chest congestion, are usually absent. The cough may worsen during specific situations or times of emotional distress.

Parents and caregivers may also notice that the child’s cough disappears during sleep or times when they are fully engaged in activities that distract them from their emotional distress.

This observation can provide valuable insights for healthcare providers in diagnosing psychogenic cough.

Diagnosing Psychogenic Cough

Diagnosing psychogenic cough involves a thorough evaluation by a pediatrician or healthcare provider.

The provider will first rule out any physical causes of the cough, such as asthma, allergies, or respiratory infections, through a detailed medical history, physical examination, and potentially additional tests if necessary.

If no physical cause is found, the healthcare provider will assess the child’s psychological and emotional well-being. They may ask the child about any recent stresses, anxiety levels, or traumatic events that could be contributing to the cough.

Observed patterns of coughing, such as worsening during certain situations, may also provide important clues for diagnosis.

Collaboration with a pediatric psychologist or psychiatrist may be necessary to evaluate the child’s mental health and provide treatment for any underlying psychological issues contributing to the cough.

Treatment Options for Psychogenic Cough

Treating psychogenic cough often involves a multifaceted approach addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition.

The key aim is to help the child recognize and manage any emotional distress or anxiety that is triggering the cough.

Counseling or therapy with a pediatric psychologist or psychiatrist can be beneficial in helping the child understand and address the underlying psychological factors.

Techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or relaxation techniques may be employed to reduce anxiety levels and break the cough cycle.

It is essential for parents and caregivers to provide support and reassurance to the child throughout the treatment process. Creating a calm and comfortable environment can help reduce anxiety levels and improve the child’s overall well-being.

Preventing and Managing Psychogenic Cough

Preventing and managing psychogenic cough involves identifying and addressing potential triggers for the cough. Understanding the child’s emotional well-being, providing a supportive environment, and encouraging open communication are essential.

Teaching the child coping mechanisms for stress and anxiety, such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness techniques, can also be helpful.

Encouraging engagement in activities that redirect their focus away from the cough can provide relief and prevent the cough from becoming a learned behavior.

Regular follow-up visits with the pediatrician or healthcare provider are important to monitor the child’s progress and adjust the treatment plan as necessary.

Conclusion

Psychogenic cough, also known as habit cough, is a unique condition that affects children. It is believed to be a result of the interplay between psychological factors and underlying emotional distress.

Recognizing the absence of physical symptoms and understanding the child’s emotional well-being are crucial in diagnosing and treating psychogenic cough.

Pediatrician Marialena Kyriakakou emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive evaluation by healthcare providers, collaboration with mental health professionals, and a holistic treatment approach to address both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition.

By providing support, understanding, and appropriate treatment, children experiencing psychogenic cough can find relief and regain control of their overall well-being.