Silent reflux, also known as laryngopharyngeal reflux or extra-esophageal reflux, is a type of reflux that occurs without a visible regurgitation of food. This condition can affect both adults and infants.

In infants, silent reflux can be particularly difficult to diagnose as it does not produce the typical symptoms associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this article, we will take a closer look at silent reflux in infants, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

What Causes Silent Reflux in Infants?

Silent reflux in infants is caused by the stomach acid backing up into the esophagus and causing irritation to the larynx, pharynx, and nasal passages.

This can occur when the valve that separates the stomach from the esophagus, known as the lower esophageal sphincter, is not fully developed. As a result, the stomach contents can flow back up into the esophagus. Some factors that can contribute to silent reflux in infants include:.

Feeding issues: Babies who are fed too much or too quickly may experience silent reflux
Birth defects: Some infants may be born with weak or poorly developed esophageal muscles, making them more susceptible to reflux
Delayed stomach emptying: This can be caused by various medical conditions and can increase the likelihood of reflux

It’s important to note that silent reflux in infants is not caused by the types of food that are being consumed.

What are the Symptoms of Silent Reflux in Infants?

As mentioned earlier, the symptoms of silent reflux in infants are often difficult to recognize. Here are some of the signs to watch out for:.

Frequent coughing or gagging
Hoarseness or difficulty making sounds
Difficulty feeding or swallowing
Arching the back or neck during or after feeding
Spitting up or vomiting, sometimes after a feeding
Difficulty sleeping or staying asleep
Refusing to eat or drink
Irritability or fussiness
Wheezing or breathing difficulties
Ear infections or other respiratory problems

If you notice any of these symptoms in your infant, it’s important to seek medical advice as soon as possible.

How is Silent Reflux in Infants Diagnosed?

Diagnosing silent reflux in infants can be challenging, as the symptoms can be vague and nonspecific. However, your healthcare provider may use a combination of the following methods to diagnose the condition:.

Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your infant’s feeding habits, symptoms, and general health history
Physical exam: This may involve examining your infant’s throat, ears, and nose for signs of inflammation or infection
pH monitoring: A small probe is inserted through the nose and into the esophagus to measure the level of acidity
Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth and down into the esophagus to look for signs of irritation or inflammation

In some cases, your doctor may recommend additional tests or imaging studies to rule out other potential causes of your infant’s symptoms.

How is Silent Reflux in Infants Treated?

Once a diagnosis of silent reflux has been made, the next step is to treat the symptoms. Here are some treatment options that may be recommended for infants:.

Medications: Your doctor may prescribe an acid-blocking medication to reduce the amount of stomach acid that is produced
Feeding modifications: Changing the way your infant is fed can help reduce symptoms, such as feeding smaller and more frequent meals, burping more frequently, and keeping your infant upright for at least 30 minutes after a feeding
Thickened feeds: Adding a thickening agent to your infant’s milk or formula can help reduce reflux symptoms
Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying problem causing your infant’s reflux

How Can You Prevent Silent Reflux in Infants?

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent silent reflux in infants, there are some things you can do to reduce the risk of your baby developing this condition:.

Feed your infant in an upright position
Do not overfeed your infant or feed them too quickly
Keep your infant upright for 30 minutes after a feeding
Avoid putting your baby to bed immediately after feeding
Consider using a pacifier after a feeding, as this can help reduce reflux

Conclusion

Silent reflux in infants can be a challenging condition to diagnose and treat. However, with the right medical care and support, most infants make a full recovery and are able to enjoy normal feeding and developmental milestones.

If you are concerned that your infant may be experiencing symptoms of silent reflux, be sure to contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible for an evaluation.