Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that starts in the stomach lining. It is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death.

Despite the high prevalence of this disease, many people are unaware of the different types of stomach cancer and their symptoms. In this article, we will explore the different types of stomach cancer and how to recognize the signs and symptoms of this disease.

Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer, accounting for 95% of all cases. This type of cancer originates in the glands of the stomach lining and is often asymptomatic in the early stages.

As the cancer grows, it can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and unintentional weight loss. Other symptoms may include loss of appetite, black or tarry stools, and difficulty swallowing.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma of the stomach is a rare type of cancer that starts in the lymphatic tissue of the stomach. It accounts for less than 5% of all cases of stomach cancer.

This type of cancer can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Other symptoms may include fatigue, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a type of tumor that develops in the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach. They are rare and account for less than 1% of all stomach tumors.

GISTs can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, and vomiting. Other symptoms may include unintentional weight loss and blood in the stool.

Carcinoid Tumors

Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that can develop in the stomach. They are rare and account for less than 1% of all stomach tumors. Carcinoid tumors may not cause any symptoms in the early stages.

As the tumor grows, it can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Other symptoms may include flushing of the skin, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing.

Signs and Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

The signs and symptoms of stomach cancer vary depending on the type and stage of cancer. In the early stages, stomach cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the cancer grows and spreads, it can cause symptoms such as:.

Abdominal pain or discomfort
Indigestion
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Unintentional weight loss
Bloating or fullness after eating
Blood in the stool or vomit
Difficulty swallowing

If you experience any of these symptoms for an extended period of time, you should see your doctor for an evaluation. Early detection and treatment of stomach cancer can improve your chances of survival.

Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer

There are several risk factors that can increase your chance of developing stomach cancer. These include:.

A history of Helicobacter pylori infection
A family history of stomach cancer
Smoking
Heavy alcohol consumption
A diet high in smoked, salted, or pickled foods
Being overweight or obese
Prior stomach surgery

If you have any of these risk factors, talk to your doctor about ways to reduce your risk of developing stomach cancer.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of stomach cancer typically involves a physical exam, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as:.

Endoscopy
Biopsy
CT scan
MRI
PET scan

Treatment for stomach cancer typically depends on the type and stage of cancer. The main treatment options include:.

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Immunotherapy

Your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is best for your individual needs.

Prevention

There are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing stomach cancer, including:.

Quitting smoking
Avoiding heavy alcohol consumption
Eating a healthy diet that is high in fruits and vegetables
Avoiding smoked, salted, or pickled foods
Maintaining a healthy weight
Getting screened regularly if you have a family history of stomach cancer or a history of Helicobacter pylori infection

By taking these steps, you can reduce your risk of developing stomach cancer and improve your overall health and well-being.