Polyps are small, non-cancerous growths that can form on the lining of the colon or rectum. They are relatively common, and many people develop them at some point in their lives.

While most polyps are harmless and typically do not cause any symptoms or health problems, there is always the possibility that they could turn into cancer if left untreated.

What Are Polyps?

Polyps are abnormal growths that occur on certain parts of the body, including the colon and rectum. They are typically small and flat, but can also be large and more pronounced.

While most polyps are benign, meaning they are non-cancerous, some can become cancerous if not detected and removed early enough.

The exact cause of polyps is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include age, family history of polyps or colorectal cancer, a diet high in fat and red meat, smoking, and obesity.

Types of Polyps

There are several types of polyps that can form in the colon and rectum:.

Adenomatous Polyps

Adenomatous polyps are the most common type of polyp found in the colon and rectum. They are typically small and flat, and while most are benign, some can turn into cancer if left untreated. There are three types of adenomatous polyps:.

Tubular adenomas
Villous adenomas
Tubulovillous adenomas

Inflammatory Polyps

Inflammatory polyps are small, benign growths that can develop in the colon and rectum due to inflammation caused by diseases such as diverticulitis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Hyperplastic Polyps

Hyperplastic polyps are typically small and located in the rectum. While they are usually benign, some may be associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Risk of Polyps Turning into Cancer

The chance of a polyp turning into cancer depends on several factors, including its type, size, and location. Adenomatous polyps, especially those that are larger in size and have an irregular shape, are more likely to become cancerous.

The longer a polyp goes undetected and untreated, the greater the risk of it becoming cancerous.

Individuals who have a personal or family history of polyps or colorectal cancer, as well as those with certain medical conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, may also be at an increased risk of developing cancerous polyps.

Prevention and Detection of Polyps

Preventing polyps from forming and detecting them early is key in reducing the risk of them turning into cancer. The following measures can help prevent polyps:.

Eating a diet low in fat and high in fiber, fruits, and vegetables
Exercising regularly
Maintaining a healthy weight
Avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption

Screening for colon and rectal cancer is also an essential way of detecting polyps early. The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk of colon and rectal cancer begin regular screening at age 45.

Screening tests include colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and stool tests.

Treatment for Polyps

If polyps are detected during screening, they will typically be removed during the same procedure. This is usually done with a colonoscope, which is a flexible tube with a small video camera and light on the end.

Small polyps can be removed by snipping them off with a wire loop, while larger polyps may require surgery.

If a polyp is found to be cancerous, additional tests will be done to determine the stage and extent of the cancer. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Conclusion

Polyps are common growths that can occur in the colon and rectum. While most are harmless, some can turn into cancer if left untreated.

Understanding the risk factors for polyps and taking preventive measures, along with regular screening, can help reduce the risk of developing cancerous polyps.