Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the colon and rectum. It causes sores and ulcers, leading to bleeding, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

The condition usually develops gradually over time and can be mild, moderate, or severe.

What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

The symptoms of ulcerative colitis can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the location of the inflammation in the colon and rectum. Common symptoms include:.

Bloody diarrhea
Abdominal pain and cramping
Rectal pain and bleeding
Urgency to have a bowel movement
Inability to have a bowel movement despite the urge
Fatigue
Weight loss
Anemia

How is ulcerative colitis diagnosed?

Ulcerative colitis can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Your doctor may perform one or more of the following tests:.

Colonoscopy: a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the colon and rectum with a flexible tube and camera
Sigmoidoscopy: a procedure that examines the lower part of the colon and rectum
Barium enema: a type of X-ray that uses contrast dye to highlight the colon and rectum
Blood tests: to check for anemia and inflammation
Fecal occult blood test: to check for blood in the stool

What are the complications of ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis can cause several complications if left untreated. Some of the common complications include:.

Severe bleeding
Perforation of the colon
Colon cancer
Anemia
Malnutrition

What are the treatment options for ulcerative colitis?

Ulcerative colitis can be treated with medication, surgery, or a combination of both. The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and prevent complications. Some of the common medications used to treat ulcerative colitis include:.