Varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility, affecting around 15% of all men. A varicocele is a swelling in the veins that drain the testicles, and it can cause pain, discomfort, and fertility problems.

In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of varicoceles, and explain how they can contribute to male infertility.

What Causes Varicoceles?

Varicoceles are caused by a defect in the valves that control blood flow through the veins in the scrotum.

These valves are supposed to prevent the blood from flowing back down into the scrotum, but if they become weak or damaged, the blood can pool in the veins and cause them to swell. Varicoceles usually develop during puberty, and they are more common on the left side of the scrotum than the right.

What Are the Symptoms of Varicoceles?

The most common symptom of a varicocele is a lump or swelling in one or both testicles. The lump may be small or large, and it may be painful or uncomfortable.

Other symptoms include a dragging sensation in the scrotum, a feeling of heaviness or fullness, and swelling of the scrotum. Some men may also notice a decrease in the size or firmness of the testicles.

How Do Varicoceles Affect Fertility?

Varicoceles can have a significant impact on male fertility. The increased blood flow in the veins can raise the temperature in the testicles, which can damage or kill sperm cells.

The varicoceles can also reduce the oxygen supply to the testicles, which can further damage the sperm cells. In addition, the swelling in the veins can cause pressure on the surrounding tissues, which can interfere with the production and transportation of sperm.

How Are Varicoceles Diagnosed?

A varicocele can usually be diagnosed through a physical exam. Your doctor will examine your scrotum and feel for any lumps or swelling. They may also use an ultrasound or other imaging tests to get a better view of the affected area.

How Are Varicoceles Treated?

If your varicocele is causing pain or discomfort, or if it is affecting your fertility, your doctor may recommend treatment. There are several options for treating varicoceles, including:.

Surgery: The most common treatment for varicoceles is surgery. During the procedure, your surgeon will make a small incision in your scrotum and remove the affected veins.
Embolization: In some cases, a procedure called embolization may be used to treat varicoceles. This involves inserting a small tube into a vein in your groin and using X-rays to guide it to the varicocele. Once the tube is in place, a small coil or other material is used to block the affected veins.
Watchful waiting: If your varicocele is not causing any symptoms or fertility problems, your doctor may recommend a period of watchful waiting. This means keeping an eye on the varicocele and monitoring any changes.

Can Varicoceles Be Prevented?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent varicoceles, but there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk. These include:.

Wearing supportive underwear: Wearing tight-fitting underwear can increase the temperature in your scrotum, which can exacerbate varicoceles. Opt for looser, more supportive underwear to keep your scrotum cool and comfortable.
Avoiding prolonged sitting or standing: Sitting or standing for long periods of time can put pressure on your veins and increase your risk of varicoceles. Take frequent breaks, stretch your legs, and move around throughout the day.
Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of varicoceles. Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise to reduce your risk.

Conclusion

Varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility, but they can also cause pain, discomfort, and other symptoms.

If you are experiencing any of these issues, or if you are having trouble conceiving, talk to your doctor about getting tested for varicoceles. Depending on your individual case, there are several treatment options available to help alleviate your symptoms and improve your fertility.