Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are an uncomfortable reality for many people. One of the most common types of UTIs is cystitis. In this article, we will explore what cystitis is, its causes, its symptoms, and how it is diagnosed and treated.

What is Cystitis?

Cystitis is a type of UTI that affects the bladder. It is a common infection, especially in women, that can cause pain and discomfort. It is most often caused by bacteria, but it can also be caused by viruses or fungi.

The bacteria that most commonly cause cystitis are E. coli, which live in the intestines and can sometimes be transferred to the bladder.

Causes of Cystitis

Cystitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, but it can also be caused by viruses or fungi. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including:.

Sexual activity
Pregnancy
Menopause
Using a diaphragm for birth control
Having an abnormal urinary tract
Having a weakened immune system

Symptoms of Cystitis

The symptoms of cystitis can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms include:.

Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen
Urgency and frequency to urinate
Burning sensation with urination
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Blood in the urine
Feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen or bladder

Diagnosing Cystitis

If you suspect that you have cystitis, your doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination. They may also order lab tests to determine if you have a UTI. These tests may include a urinalysis, urine culture, and blood tests.

Treating Cystitis

Treatment for cystitis usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. It is important to finish the entire course of antibiotics, even if you start feeling better before the medication is finished.

Drinking plenty of fluids can help flush out the bacteria and reduce symptoms. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve pain and discomfort. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to receive intravenous antibiotics.

Preventing Cystitis

There are several steps you can take to help prevent cystitis:.

Drink plenty of fluids, especially water
Urinate frequently and empty your bladder completely
Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
Take showers instead of baths
Avoid using harsh soaps, bubble baths, or scented hygiene products in the genital area
Avoid using irritating feminine products
Wear loose-fitting, cotton clothing, and avoid tight-fitting underwear
Avoid using a diaphragm for birth control
Urinate after sexual activity

Conclusion

Cystitis is a common type of UTI that affects the bladder. It is most often caused by bacteria, but it can also be caused by viruses or fungi.

Symptoms include pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, urgency and frequency to urinate, burning sensation with urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and blood in the urine. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and drinking plenty of fluids to flush out the bacteria. Cystitis can be prevented by taking steps to maintain good urinary tract hygiene.