Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can develop during a woman’s reproductive years. Also known as leiomyomas or myomas, fibroids can vary in size and number and often go unnoticed.

However, they can cause symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and discomfort during sex. In some cases, fibroids can also affect fertility.

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Many women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms and may not be aware of the growths. However, when symptoms do develop, they can include:.

Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
Spotting between periods
Pelvic pain or pressure
Lower back pain
Pain during sex
Frequent urination
Constipation
Enlarged abdomen or uterus

Symptoms can vary depending on the size, location, and number of fibroids. Women with larger or multiple fibroids may experience more severe symptoms.

Diagnosing Uterine Fibroids

Many fibroids are discovered during routine gynecological exams. Your doctor may feel an enlarged uterus or lumps during a pelvic exam, or notice an abnormality on an ultrasound or MRI. In some cases, additional testing may be necessary, such as:.

Hysteroscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the vagina and cervix to examine the uterus.
Hysterosalpingography: A dye is injected into the uterus to make any abnormalities visible on an X-ray.
Endometrial biopsy: A small tissue sample is taken from the lining of the uterus to check for cancer or other abnormalities.

It is important to see your doctor if you experience any symptoms or if you have a family history of fibroids or other reproductive conditions.

Treating Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for fibroids will depend on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibroids, and a woman’s reproductive goals. Treatment options may include:.

Watchful Waiting

If symptoms are mild or if fibroids are not causing any problems, your doctor may recommend regular monitoring to track any changes in size or symptoms.

Medications

There are several medications that can be used to help relieve symptoms of fibroids. These may include:.

Birth control pills or other hormonal contraceptives to help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce bleeding.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHas) to shrink fibroids by reducing hormone production.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to help relieve pain and reduce bleeding during periods.

Myomectomy

A myomectomy is a surgical procedure to remove fibroids while leaving the uterus intact. This may be recommended for women who still want to have children.

Myomectomy procedures can be performed through minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopy or hysteroscopy. In some cases, an open abdominal surgery may be necessary.

Hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and, in some cases, the cervix. This may be recommended for women who do not want to have children or who have severe symptoms or complications from fibroids.

Preventing Uterine Fibroids

There is no surefire way to prevent uterine fibroids, but some lifestyle changes may help reduce your risk. These may include:.

Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Reducing consumption of red meat and alcohol.
Maintaining a healthy weight.
Exercising regularly.

It is also important to see your doctor for regular gynecological exams and to discuss any concerns about reproductive health.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids are a common condition that can cause a range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to significant pain and bleeding.

While many fibroids do not require treatment, women with severe symptoms or complications may benefit from medical or surgical intervention.

If you experience any symptoms or if you have a family history of fibroids or other reproductive conditions, it is important to see your doctor for a diagnosis and treatment options.