Autoimmune diseases are conditions that occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, tissues, and organs. There are over 80 different autoimmune diseases, and they can affect many different parts of the body.

While some autoimmune diseases have very specific symptoms, others can be difficult to diagnose because their symptoms can mimic those of other conditions.

Here are some of the most common autoimmune diseases and the visual signs that are associated with them:.

1. Lupus

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain, and other organs. The most common symptom of lupus is a rash on the face that resembles a butterfly.

This “butterfly rash” can appear on both cheeks and across the bridge of the nose. Other skin problems associated with lupus include skin lesions and hives. In addition to skin symptoms, lupus can also cause joint pain, fatigue, fever, and chest pain.

2. Scleroderma

Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue. The most visible sign of scleroderma is hardening of the skin, which can develop into thick, tight, shiny patches that may cover large areas of the body.

Other skin-related symptoms of scleroderma include small, painful ulcers on the fingertips, red spots on the face and chest, and small cysts on the fingers. In addition to skin symptoms, scleroderma can also cause joint pain, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, and high blood pressure.

3. Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a common autoimmune disease that causes the skin to become red, scaly, and itchy. The most common type of psoriasis is called plaque psoriasis, and it can appear anywhere on the body.

In addition to skin symptoms, psoriasis can also cause joint pain, fatigue, and nail problems such as pitting and thickening.

4. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. The most common symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is joint pain and stiffness, which is usually worst in the morning.

In addition to joint symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis can also cause fatigue, fever, and weight loss. Some people with rheumatoid arthritis also develop nodules under the skin, especially on the elbows and fingers.

5. Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system.

The most common symptom of multiple sclerosis is blurry or double vision, but other visual symptoms can include loss of color vision, flashing lights, and involuntary eye movements. In addition to visual symptoms, multiple sclerosis can also cause muscle weakness, tremors, difficulty with coordination, and problems with memory and thinking.

6. Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.

The most common symptom of type 1 diabetes is increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms can include blurred vision, fatigue, and irritability.

7. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. The most common symptom of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an enlarged thyroid gland, which can cause a visible lump in the neck.

Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin.

Overall, autoimmune diseases can cause a wide range of symptoms that can be difficult to diagnose. If you are experiencing any of these signs, it is important to talk to your doctor as soon as possible.

Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life.