Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that primarily affects children. It is characterized by excessive protein loss through urine, swelling in various parts of the body, high cholesterol levels, and low levels of blood protein.

If left untreated, nephrotic syndrome can lead to serious complications. Therefore, it is essential for parents and caregivers to be aware of the warning signs of this condition in order to seek medical attention promptly. In this article, we will outline the most common warning signs of nephrotic syndrome in children.

1. Swelling

One of the earliest and most noticeable symptoms of nephrotic syndrome is swelling, also known as edema. The swelling typically occurs around the eyes, in the legs, ankles, and feet, but it can also affect other parts of the body.

This swelling is caused by the increased fluid retention resulting from the reduced ability of the kidneys to filter excess fluid.

2. Foamy Urine

Another telltale sign of nephrotic syndrome is the presence of foamy urine. This happens due to the excessive amounts of protein, specifically albumin, being excreted through the urine.

The protein in the urine causes the formation of foam when it mixes with water during urination.

3. Fatigue and Weakness

Children with nephrotic syndrome often experience fatigue and weakness. This can be caused by the body’s inability to retain the necessary nutrients and proteins, leading to overall tiredness and lack of energy.

If your child seems unusually fatigued and weak, it may be a sign of nephrotic syndrome.

4. Loss of Appetite

Nephrotic syndrome can also affect a child’s appetite. They may complain of feeling full even after eating very little or show a significant decrease in their food intake.

This loss of appetite can lead to weight loss and malnourishment if not addressed promptly.

5. Frothy Saliva

In addition to foamy urine, some children with nephrotic syndrome may also produce frothy saliva. This is a result of the excessive protein leakage and can be seen as bubbles in the saliva when the child talks or spits.

6. High Blood Pressure

Nephrotic syndrome can impact blood pressure levels in affected children. High blood pressure is a serious condition that can have long-term effects on various organs, including the kidneys.

Monitoring and managing blood pressure is crucial in preventing further complications.

7. Skin Rash

In certain cases, children with nephrotic syndrome may develop a rash on their skin. This rash is often itchy and can appear as small red bumps or as patches of inflamed skin.

It is important to note that the presence of a skin rash does not always mean nephrotic syndrome, but it is worth discussing with a healthcare professional.

8. Frequent Infections

Children with nephrotic syndrome are more prone to infections, particularly those affecting the urinary tract and respiratory system. The weakened immune system, combined with the protein loss, makes it easier for infections to take hold.

Frequent or recurrent infections should not be ignored, as they can indicate underlying health issues such as nephrotic syndrome.

9. Abdominal Pain

Some children with nephrotic syndrome may experience abdominal pain or discomfort. This can occur due to fluid retention in the abdominal area or as a result of the underlying kidney dysfunction.

If your child complains of persistent abdominal pain, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

10. Poor Growth

Untreated nephrotic syndrome can interfere with a child’s growth and development. The combination of malnutrition, loss of essential nutrients, and hormonal imbalances can lead to delayed physical growth and stunted height.

Monitoring growth patterns and seeking medical intervention if there are concerns is crucial in managing nephrotic syndrome.