Knee arthrosis, also known as osteoarthritis of the knee, is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide.

It is characterized by the breakdown of the cartilage in the knee joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. Understanding the primary symptoms of knee arthrosis is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of the condition.

1. Knee Pain

Pain is one of the most common symptoms of knee arthrosis. It may occur during movement or while at rest, and its intensity can vary from mild to severe.

The pain is often described as aching or throbbing and is typically localized to the front, sides, or back of the knee joint.

2. Stiffness and Limited Range of Motion

Knee arthrosis can cause stiffness in the affected joint, resulting in difficulty in bending or straightening the knee. This stiffness is often worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity and may improve with mild exercise or movement.

As the disease progresses, the range of motion in the knee joint may become increasingly limited.

3. Swelling and Inflammation

Inflammation is a common symptom of knee arthrosis, leading to swelling and fluid accumulation in and around the joint. The knee may appear visibly swollen and feel warm to the touch.

This swelling is caused by the body’s response to the breakdown of cartilage, and it can further contribute to pain and restricted movement.

4. Joint Instability

As knee arthrosis progresses, the degeneration of cartilage can lead to joint instability. This instability may cause the knee to give way or feel as though it is “locking” or “catching” during movement.

Individuals with knee arthrosis may experience frequent falls or have difficulty walking on uneven surfaces.

5. Joint Deformity

Advanced cases of knee arthrosis can result in joint deformity. Over time, the loss of cartilage and misalignment of the bones in the knee joint can lead to visible changes in the joint’s shape.

The affected knee may appear twisted, bow-legged, or knobby, altering the overall alignment of the leg.

6. Muscle Weakness

The pain and limited range of motion associated with knee arthrosis can cause muscle weakness around the knee joint.

As a result, individuals may experience difficulty in performing everyday activities such as climbing stairs, standing up from a seated position, or walking for extended periods.

7. Crunching Sensation

When the cartilage in the knee joint breaks down, there may be a noticeable grinding or crunching sensation, known as crepitus, during movement.

This sensation is caused by the bones rubbing against each other due to reduced cushioning provided by cartilage. Crepitus can be both audible and palpable.

8. Increased Pain with Activity

Knee arthrosis pain often worsens with activity. Walking, running, climbing stairs, or participating in sports can significantly increase the discomfort experienced by individuals with knee arthrosis.

This pain may be immediate or arise several hours after physical activity. Resting the knee joint for a period of time may help alleviate the pain.

9. Tender to Touch

The affected knee may be tender to touch, especially around the joint line. Applying pressure or palpating the knee can cause increased pain or discomfort.

This tenderness is often a result of the inflammation and sensitivity of the tissues surrounding the knee joint.

10. Limited Function and Quality of Life

Ultimately, knee arthrosis can significantly impact an individual’s overall function and quality of life.

The combination of pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and reduced muscle strength can make it challenging to perform everyday activities and maintain an active lifestyle. As a result, individuals may experience difficulty in participating in hobbies, work, and maintaining social connections.