Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the body becomes intolerant to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
This condition damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to nutrient malabsorption and a range of associated symptoms.
Who is at Risk for Celiac Disease?
Celiac disease is a genetic condition that can manifest at any time in life. However, certain populations are at an increased risk of developing the disorder:.
- People with a family history of celiac disease
- People with type 1 diabetes mellitus
- People with Down syndrome
- People with autoimmune thyroid disease, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease?
The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely from person to person, making diagnosis a challenge. However, there are several common signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of the condition:.
1. Digestive Issues
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in people with celiac disease. These often include:.
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Nausea and vomiting
2. Skin Problems
Celiac disease can cause a variety of skin problems, including:.
- Dermatitis herpetiformis, a chronic skin rash that is intensely itchy
- Intensely itchy bumps or blisters on the elbows, knees, buttocks, and back
3. Nutritional Deficiencies
Celiac disease damages the lining of the small intestine, making it difficult for the body to absorb nutrients. This can lead to deficits in a variety of vitamins and minerals, including:.
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- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D
- Folate
- Iron
- Calcium
4. Neurological Symptoms
Celiac disease can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, including:.
- Migraines
- The sensation of pins and needles in the hands and feet
- Balance problems
- Depression and anxiety
5. Joint Pain
Some people with celiac disease may experience joint pain and stiffness, resulting from inflammation caused by the immune response to gluten.
6. Menstrual Issues
Women with celiac disease may experience irregular menstrual cycles, amenorrhea (the absence of menstruation), or infertility. These issues typically resolve once a gluten-free diet is adopted.
Diagnosis
Celiac disease can be diagnosed with a blood test that measures the presence of antibodies to gluten. In addition, a biopsy of the small intestine may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
The best treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods that contain wheat, rye, and barley. Some people with celiac disease may also need to avoid oats.
Conclusion
Celiac disease is a serious autoimmune disorder that can cause a range of symptoms, including digestive issues, skin problems, and neurological symptoms.
If you suspect that you have celiac disease, it’s essential to speak with your doctor to get a proper diagnosis and begin treatment.
