Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain, stiffness, inflammation, and damage to the body’s tissues.

It affects about 1.5 million people in the United States, and women are more likely to develop this disease than men. RA can be a chronic condition that lasts a lifetime and can significantly impact a person’s quality of life if left untreated.

Early diagnosis and treatment are vital in managing the symptoms of RA and preventing further damage to the joints and other body systems.

What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis?

The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors may contribute to the development of the disease. Some of these factors include:.

Genetics – People with a family history of RA are more likely to develop the disease.
Environmental factors – Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as smoking and pollution, may increase the risk of developing RA.
Lifestyle factors – Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of RA or worsen its symptoms.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

The signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can vary from person to person. However, some of the most common symptoms include:.

Pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints – These symptoms often occur symmetrically, meaning they affect both sides of the body equally.
Joint pain that worsens with movement or inactivity – Joint pain may be particularly severe in the morning or after a period of inactivity.
Fatigue – People with RA often feel tired and have a lack of energy.
Fever – A low-grade fever may be present in some people with RA.
Weight loss

How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?

Diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis can be challenging because there is no single test that can confirm the disease. However, doctors may use a combination of the following tests to make a diagnosis:.

Medical history and physical exam – The doctor will ask about the patient’s symptoms and perform a physical exam to check for joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Blood tests – Blood tests may be used to detect signs of inflammation, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Blood tests may also check for rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, which are present in some people with RA.
Imaging tests – X-rays, ultrasounds, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to check for joint damage and inflammation.

How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated?

While there is no cure for RA, treatment can help manage symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent joint damage. Treatment options for RA may include:.

Medications – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents may be used to manage pain and inflammation.
Physical therapy – Physical therapy may help improve joint function and reduce pain.
Lifestyle changes – Eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding smoking may help reduce inflammation and improve overall health.
Surgery – In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged joints.

Conclusion

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent joint damage.

If you are experiencing symptoms of RA, it is important to see a doctor for an evaluation and treatment.