An aneurysm is a bulge that appears on the wall of an artery – a blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to other parts of the body.

If an aneurysm occurs in the area of the lower back known as the abdominal aorta, it’s called an abdominal aortic aneurysm or AAA. If the bulge happens on one of the arteries that stem from the abdominal aorta, it’s called an iliac artery aneurysm. This article will explore the symptoms of an aneurysm in the lower back.

What Causes Aneurysms in the Lower Back?

There are many reasons why an aneurysm may occur. Arteries have layers, including an inner layer called the intima, a middle layer called the media, and an outer layer called the adventitia.

The media is responsible for providing strength and support to the artery, and when it becomes damaged or weakened due to atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty deposits in the artery wall), the artery wall may stretch and bulge outwards, forming an aneurysm. Other potential causes of aneurysms include genetic factors, infections, trauma, and long-term high blood pressure. In some cases, the exact cause of an aneurysm may not be known.

Who is at Risk for Aneurysms in the Lower Back?

While anyone can develop an aneurysm, certain factors can increase the risk. These include:.

Being male (AAA is more common in men than women)
Age (over the age of 60)
Tobacco use (smoking or chewing can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of aneurysms)
Family history of aneurysms
High blood pressure (also known as hypertension)
High cholesterol levels
Being overweight or obese
Having a history of heart disease or atherosclerosis

What are the Symptoms of an Aneurysm in the Lower Back?

Unfortunately, many people who have an aneurysm in the lower back do not experience any symptoms until the aneurysm ruptures.

Consequently, an aneurysm is often discovered incidentally during an imaging test (such as an ultrasound or CT scan) that was performed for another reason. However, if symptoms are present, they may include:.

Abdominal Pain or Discomfort

Pain or discomfort in the abdomen, pelvis, or lower back may be a sign of an aneurysm. The pain may be dull or severe, and it may come and go or be constant. Some people describe it as a deep, gnawing ache.

The pain may be more noticeable after eating or during physical activity.

Pulsations in the Abdomen

If an aneurysm is large enough, the pulsation of the blood flowing through the artery may be felt in the abdomen as a throbbing or pounding sensation. This is often described as feeling like a heartbeat in the belly.

Abdominal or Lower Back Swelling

The bulging aneurysm can cause the abdomen (belly) or lower back to swell or bulge out. This typically develops gradually over time, and the bulge may be more prominent when standing up.

Changes in Bowel Habits

An aneurysm in the lower back can sometimes press on the bowel, which can cause bowel obstruction, leading to changes in bowel habits. This may include constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty passing stools.

Loss of Appetite or Feeling Full

If the aneurysm compresses the stomach or intestines, leading to poor digestion, nausea, or a feeling of fullness after only a small amount of food, loss of appetite can occur. This may lead to unintended weight loss over time.

The Bottom Line

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical attention. A ruptured aneurysm can be a life-threatening emergency, and prompt medical treatment is important.

Treatment options vary depending on the size, location, and other factors, but may include monitoring with regular imaging tests, lifestyle changes to reduce blood pressure and cholesterol levels, or surgical repair. Your healthcare provider can help you determine the best course of action based on your specific situation.