Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, leading to extreme food restriction and weight loss.

It is a serious condition that can have severe physical and psychological consequences. Recognizing the common symptoms of anorexia nervosa is crucial for early detection and intervention. In this article, we will discuss 20 common symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

1. Extreme Weight Loss

A significant and noticeable weight loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Individuals with this disorder often restrict their caloric intake to an extreme degree, leading to rapid and excessive weight loss.

2. Intense Fear of Gaining Weight

People with anorexia nervosa have an intense fear of gaining weight, regardless of their actual weight or body composition. This fear drives them to engage in extreme behaviors to avoid weight gain, such as strict dieting and excessive exercise.

3. Obsession with Food and Caloric Intake

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with food, calories, and nutrition.

Individuals with this disorder often spend a significant amount of time thinking about food, planning their meals, and calculating the caloric content of everything they eat.

4. Distorted Body Image

Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a distorted perception of their body size and shape. They may perceive themselves as overweight or larger than they actually are, even when they are severely underweight.

5. Excessive Exercise

People with anorexia nervosa often engage in excessive exercise as a means to burn calories and maintain control over their weight. They may spend hours each day exercising vigorously, even when they are physically exhausted or injured.

Individuals with anorexia nervosa may withdraw from social activities that involve food or eating. They may avoid family dinners, social gatherings, or events where they believe they will be required to consume food, which can lead to social isolation.

7. Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstrual periods for three or more consecutive months. It is a common symptom seen in females with anorexia nervosa due to the disruption of normal hormonal functioning caused by severe weight loss and malnutrition.

8. Cold Intolerance

People with anorexia nervosa often experience cold intolerance, even in mild temperatures. This is a result of reduced body fat and muscle mass, which are essential for maintaining body heat.

9. Hair Loss

Severe malnutrition can lead to hair loss and thinning. Despite being one of the less life-threatening symptoms of anorexia nervosa, hair loss can significantly impact an individual’s self-esteem and body image.

10. Dry Skin

Anorexia nervosa can cause dry and flaky skin due to the lack of essential nutrients and hydration. The skin may appear dull, rough, and may even develop a yellowish tint.

11. Irregular Heartbeat

Malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances associated with anorexia nervosa can lead to an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia. This can be life-threatening and may require immediate medical attention.

12. Low Blood Pressure

Individuals with anorexia nervosa often experience low blood pressure, also known as hypotension. This is a result of the body’s attempt to conserve energy and compensate for the lack of nutrients.

13. Fatigue and Weakness

Malnutrition and inadequate caloric intake can lead to extreme fatigue and weakness. Individuals may feel exhausted even after minimal physical exertion and may have difficulty engaging in daily activities.

14. Depression and Anxiety

People with anorexia nervosa commonly experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. These mental health disorders often coexist with the eating disorder and can worsen the overall well-being of the individual.

15. Constipation

Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal symptom in individuals with anorexia nervosa. The lack of sufficient food intake and the resulting slow movement of the digestive tract contribute to this symptom.

16. Dental Problems

Poor nutrition and frequent vomiting associated with anorexia nervosa can lead to dental problems. Tooth decay, enamel erosion, and gum disease are common dental issues seen in individuals with this eating disorder.

17. Muscle Atrophy

Severe weight loss and malnutrition can cause muscle wasting and atrophy. Individuals with anorexia nervosa may have disproportionately low muscle mass, leading to weakness and decreased physical strength.

18. Osteoporosis

Anorexia nervosa can have long-term effects on bone health. The lack of adequate nutrients, particularly calcium and vitamin D, can result in decreased bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis.

19. Fainting or Dizziness

Individuals with anorexia nervosa may experience frequent episodes of fainting or dizziness due to low blood sugar levels, dehydration, and orthostatic hypotension.

These episodes can be dangerous, especially if they occur while performing activities such as driving or operating machinery.

20. Preoccupation with Weight and Body Shape

Finally, a constant preoccupation with weight and body shape is a strong indicator of anorexia nervosa.

Individuals may engage in frequent body checking, weigh themselves obsessively, and express constant dissatisfaction with their appearance, regardless of their actual size or weight.