Caffeine is known to be one of the most widely used psychoactive substances in the world, with consumption of coffee alone accounting for about 400 billion cups per year globally.

Although considered to be safe in moderate amounts, caffeine can have hazardous effects in excessive consumption, leading to caffeine toxicity.

What is Caffeine Toxicity?

Caffeine toxicity is a term used to describe the harmful effects of excessive consumption of caffeine. It occurs when the amount of caffeine consumed is greater than the body’s ability to metabolize it.

The Mayo Clinic recommends a moderate intake of caffeine, usually around 400 milligrams (mg) per day, which is equivalent to 4 cups of coffee.

Caffeine toxicity can occur after consuming caffeine pills, energy drinks, tea, and coffee, either alone or in combination.

The lethal dose of caffeine varies from person to person, depending on their body weight, age, health conditions, and tolerance to caffeine. However, in general, 10 grams of caffeine, or approximately 100 cups of coffee, can be lethal.

Signs and symptoms of Caffeine Toxicity

The symptoms of caffeine toxicity can vary depending on the amount of caffeine consumed, and the individual’s tolerance level to caffeine. The common symptoms of caffeine toxicity include:.

Restlessness
Anxiety
Insomnia
Tremors
Dizziness
Irritability
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Headaches
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Diarrhea

In severe cases, caffeine toxicity can lead to seizures, psychosis, and even death. The lethal dose of caffeine can cause cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, and coma.

Causes of Caffeine Toxicity

The main cause of caffeine toxicity is excessive consumption of caffeine. However, there are other factors that can increase the risk of caffeine toxicity, such as:.

Use of caffeine supplements
Combining caffeine with alcohol or other drugs
Consuming caffeine on an empty stomach
Underlying health conditions, such as heart disease or anxiety disorders

Preventing Caffeine Toxicity

Preventing caffeine toxicity starts with understanding how much caffeine you are consuming. To prevent caffeine toxicity, consider the following:.

Limit your caffeine intake to no more than 400 mg per day, which is equivalent to 4 cups of coffee, if you’re an adult
Avoid caffeine supplements, such as caffeine pills or powders
Avoid combining caffeine with alcohol or other drugs
Consider caffeine-free alternatives such as herbal teas or decaf coffee
Avoid consuming caffeine on an empty stomach
Consult with your healthcare provider before consuming caffeine if you have any underlying health conditions

Treatment for Caffeine Toxicity

If you suspect caffeine toxicity, seek medical attention immediately. Treatment for caffeine toxicity usually involves supportive care, such as:.

IV fluids to rehydrate the body
Medications to treat the symptoms, such as anti-anxiety drugs or anti-seizure drugs
Monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital signs

The Bottom Line

Caffeine toxicity is a serious health issue that can cause harmful effects to the body. Make sure to consume caffeine in moderation and be aware of the symptoms of caffeine toxicity.

If you suspect that you or someone you know has caffeine toxicity, seek medical attention immediately.