It is not uncommon for many of us to suffer from reactions to certain foods or ingredients we consume. While some of these reactions may be mild, some can be very severe and life-threatening.

However, it is essential to know the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance as both terms are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same. The distinction between a food allergy and a food intolerance is crucial in the management and treatment of these conditions.

What is a Food Allergy?

A food allergy is an adverse immune response that happens every time an allergic individual ingests certain foods or comes into contact with specific substances in food.

The immune system of an individual with a food allergy reacts to a particular protein in the food by producing IgE (immunoglobulin E) antibodies that lead to an allergic reaction. The symptoms of an allergic reaction can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, it can be life-threatening (anaphylaxis).

Common food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, milk, soybeans, eggs, and wheat.

What is a Food Intolerance?

Unlike food allergies, food intolerances do not involve the immune system. Food intolerances occur when the body cannot digest a particular food or if there is deficient enzyme production.

The body’s reaction to a food intolerance is mostly uncomfortable, but it is not life-threatening. The symptoms of food intolerance may include bloating, diarrhea, nausea, and stomach aches.

Common food intolerances include lactose intolerance, gluten intolerance, and sensitivity to food chemicals such as MSG and histamine.

Symptoms of a Food Allergy

An allergic reaction can occur minutes or up to two hours after ingesting or coming into contact with food allergens. The symptoms of an allergic reaction can range from mild to severe and include:.

Hives (red, itchy rashes on the skin)
Swelling of the lips, tongue, and face
Abdominal pain and cramping
Vomiting and diarrhea
Difficulty breathing, wheezing, and coughing
Drop in blood pressure and fainting (anaphylaxis)

Symptoms of Food Intolerance

The symptoms of food intolerance are not life-threatening but can still be very unpleasant. Some of the symptoms include:.

Bloating and gas
Abdominal pains and cramping
Diarrhea and constipation
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Heartburn

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing food allergies and food intolerances involves different methods. If you suspect that you or your loved one has a food allergy, it is crucial to consult an allergist.

The allergist will conduct several tests, such as the skin prick test or blood test to determine the allergens that cause the reaction. The allergist will also prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector in case of accidental ingestion or exposure to allergens in the future. Avoiding the allergens entirely is the best way to manage a food allergy.

Different from food allergies, diagnosing food intolerances can be challenging. Doctors may conduct an elimination diet test, where the suspected food is avoided for several weeks.

If the symptoms resolve or lessen during the elimination phase, the doctor may reintroduce the food to confirm the diagnosis. If the symptoms return, the patient has a food intolerance.

Treatment for food intolerances may involve avoiding the offending food. Some people can tolerate small amounts of the intolerant food when it is combined with other foods.

For example, those with lactose intolerance may tolerate small amounts of milk when it is combined with other food.

Conclusion

It is essential to understand the difference between food allergies and food intolerances because they require different management and treatment approaches.

A food allergy is a severe immune response that can be life-threatening, while a food intolerance has uncomfortable symptoms that are not life-threatening. If you have questions or concerns about food allergies or intolerances, it is always best to talk to your doctor. They can provide advice and guidance to help you better manage the condition.