Autoimmune diseases are a group of conditions where a person’s immune system attacks their own body.

There are over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, affecting various parts of the body, including the joints, skin, thyroid, and digestive system.

The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, but genetics and environmental factors play a role in their development. One of these environmental factors may be diet.

Studies have shown that what we eat can affect our immune system, and in turn, trigger or exacerbate autoimmune diseases.

The Role of Inflammatory Foods in Autoimmune Diseases

Inflammation is the body’s natural response to injury or infection. However, chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and may play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases.

Certain foods can trigger inflammation in the body, including:.

Sugar and refined carbohydrates
Saturated and trans fats
Processed meats
Alcohol
Salt

Studies have shown that a diet high in these inflammatory foods can increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Crohn’s disease.

The Benefits of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet

An anti-inflammatory diet is a way of eating that focuses on whole, nutrient-dense foods that have anti-inflammatory properties. This may help to reduce inflammation in the body, improve immune function, and manage autoimmune diseases.

Foods that are anti-inflammatory include:.

Fruits and vegetables
Whole grains
Lean proteins
Nuts and seeds
Healthy fats, such as olive oil and avocado

A study published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition found that an anti-inflammatory diet reduced markers of inflammation in the blood.

Another study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that a Mediterranean-style diet, which is also anti-inflammatory, improved symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

The Impact of Gluten on Autoimmune Diseases

Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It is known to trigger an immune response in people with celiac disease, a condition where the immune system attacks the lining of the small intestine.

However, some studies suggest that gluten may also trigger autoimmune diseases in people who do not have celiac disease.

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that people with non-celiac gluten sensitivity had higher levels of antibodies associated with autoimmune diseases than those without gluten sensitivity.

Another study published in the journal Gut found that a gluten-free diet reduced inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

The Hashimoto’s-Thyroiditis Connection

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to an underactive thyroid. Diet may play a role in the development and management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A study published in the journal Thyroid found that a gluten-free diet improved thyroid function and reduced antibodies associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Another study published in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation found that an anti-inflammatory diet reduced symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

The Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Diseases

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live in the digestive tract. These microorganisms play a vital role in immune function and overall health.

A healthy gut microbiome may help prevent autoimmune diseases, while an unhealthy gut microbiome may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases.

A study published in the journal Nature found that the gut microbiome plays a role in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Another study published in the Journal of Autoimmunity found that a diet that promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria may reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases.

Vitamin D and Autoimmune Diseases

Vitamin D is a nutrient that is essential for bone health and immune function.

Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis.

A study published in the Journal of Autoimmunity found that vitamin D supplementation improved symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

Another study published in the Journal of Clinical Rheumatology found that vitamin D supplementation reduced disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

The Bottom Line

Diet may play a significant role in the development and management of autoimmune diseases.

Eating a diet that is anti-inflammatory and promotes a healthy gut microbiome may help reduce symptoms, while a diet high in inflammatory foods may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases. If you have an autoimmune disease, speak to your doctor or a registered dietitian about a personalized nutrition plan.