Sex is an enjoyable experience that many people look forward to, but sometimes niggling or severe pain can make it a less-than-pleasant experience.

If you’re experiencing pain during sex, it’s important to talk to your healthcare provider to rule out any underlying health conditions that may be causing the pain. Here are seven common reasons why sex can be painful:.

1. Vaginal dryness

When the body cannot produce enough natural lubrication during sex, it can cause pain and discomfort during sex. This can occur due to hormonal changes, medications, or certain health conditions.

Using a water-based lubricant can help reduce friction and make sex more comfortable.

2. Infections

Various infections can cause painful intercourse, including urinary tract infections, yeast infections, and sexually transmitted infections. These infections can cause inflammation, itching, and irritation around the vagina or anus.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics or antifungal medication.

3. Endometriosis

Endometriosis occurs when the tissue that usually lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, leading to pain and scar tissue. This can not only cause painful sex, but also chronic pain, heavy periods, and infertility.

Treatment options include medication, hormonal therapy, and surgery.

4. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the reproductive organs that can cause severe pain during sex. PID is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted infections, and treatment typically involves antibiotics.

5. Vulvodynia

Vulvodynia is a chronic condition characterized by pain or burning around the vulva, which can make sex painful or impossible. The cause of vulvodynia is unclear, but potential treatments include medication, nerve blocks, and surgery.

6. Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition where the muscles surrounding the vagina involuntarily contract, making penetration painful or impossible. This can occur due to anxiety, fear, or trauma, and treatment often involves therapy and relaxation exercises.

7. Ovarian cysts

Large or ruptured ovarian cysts can cause severe pelvic pain during sex. Treatment depends on the size and severity of the cyst, and can involve medication or surgery.