Acne is a common skin problem that affects people of all ages. It occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and cysts on the skin.

While many people believe that acne is caused by poor hygiene or eating greasy foods, the truth is that acne is a complex condition that can be influenced by a variety of factors. In this article, we will discuss ten factors that contribute to acne.

Hormones

Hormonal fluctuations are one of the primary factors that contribute to acne. During puberty, the body produces an excess of androgens, which are hormones that stimulate the oil glands in the skin.

This can lead to an overproduction of sebum, which is the oil that clogs the pores and causes acne. Hormonal fluctuations can also occur during pregnancy and menstrual cycles, as well as in people with hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Stress

Stress is another factor that can contribute to acne. When the body is stressed, it releases hormones such as cortisol, which can trigger the production of sebum and lead to acne breakouts.

Additionally, stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off acne-causing bacteria.

Diet

While greasy foods and chocolate are often blamed for acne, the evidence linking diet and acne is mixed. However, some studies suggest that a diet high in dairy products and refined carbohydrates may contribute to acne.

This is thought to be because these foods increase the production of insulin, which can trigger the production of androgens and sebum.

Related Article Understanding the Triggers of Acne

Bacteria

Acne is also caused by bacteria that live on the skin. The most common bacteria involved in acne is Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), which is a normal part of the skin’s microbiome. However, when the hair follicles become clogged, P.

acnes can multiply and cause inflammation, leading to acne.

Medications

Some medications can contribute to acne as a side effect. These include corticosteroids, lithium, and some types of birth control pills. If you are experiencing acne as a side effect of medication, talk to your doctor about alternative treatments.

Genetics

Acne can run in families, suggesting a genetic component. If your parents or siblings have acne, you may be more likely to develop it as well.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors such as pollution and humidity can also contribute to acne. Pollution can clog the pores and lead to breakouts, while humidity can increase the production of sebum and make it harder for the skin to breathe.

Makeup and Skincare Products

Some makeup and skincare products contain ingredients that can clog the pores and lead to acne. Look for products labeled “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free” to minimize the risk of breakouts.

Friction

Friction can also contribute to acne, particularly on the forehead and chin where hats, helmets, and other gear can rub against the skin. Additionally, constantly touching or rubbing the face can spread bacteria and cause breakouts.

Physical pressure

Physical pressure on the skin as a result of tight clothing, backpacks, or helmets can cause acne. This is known as acne mechanica and is most commonly seen on the shoulders, back, and buttocks.