Antidepressants are commonly prescribed medications to help people deal with their mental health symptoms. They are also often prescribed to those who are pregnant or trying to conceive.

However, taking antidepressants while pregnant can come with risks and side-effects that can impact both the mother and the developing fetus.

What are Antidepressants?

Antidepressants are medications that are designed to help people deal with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other related conditions.

They work by altering the levels of certain chemicals and neurotransmitters in the brain that affect mood, such as serotonin and dopamine. They are often prescribed for long-term use and can take weeks to start working.

Types of Antidepressants

There are several types of antidepressants that are commonly prescribed. They include:.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

The Risks of Taking Antidepressants While Pregnant

While antidepressants can help improve a person’s symptoms of anxiety and depression, taking them while pregnant can come with risks. Some of the risks associated with taking antidepressants while pregnant include:.

Increased risk of birth defects
Preterm birth
Low birth weight
Withdrawal symptoms in newborns
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)

Birth Defects

Studies have shown that taking antidepressants while pregnant can increase the risk of birth defects in babies.

Some of the birth defects that have been associated with antidepressant use during pregnancy include heart defects, craniosynostosis (a condition where the bones in a baby’s skull fuse too early), and abdominal wall defects.

Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight

Antidepressant use during pregnancy has also been linked to preterm birth and low birth weight. Preterm birth is when a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Low birth weight is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces.

These conditions can increase the risk of health problems for the baby, such as respiratory distress syndrome and developmental delays.

Withdrawal Symptoms in Newborns

Babies born to mothers who took antidepressants during pregnancy can experience withdrawal symptoms after birth. These symptoms can include breathing difficulties, feeding problems, and irritability.

In severe cases, the baby may need to be hospitalized for treatment.

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)

PPHN is a serious lung condition that affects newborn babies. It occurs when the pulmonary arteries in the baby’s lungs do not open properly after birth, making it difficult for the baby to breathe.

Studies have shown that babies born to mothers who took antidepressants during pregnancy are at an increased risk of developing PPHN.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)

There have been studies that suggest an association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children. However, more research needs to be done in order to confirm this link.

Alternative Options for Treating Depression during Pregnancy

If you are pregnant or trying to conceive and are struggling with symptoms of depression or anxiety, there are alternative options for treatment that you can consider. Some of these options include:.

Talk therapy
Exercise
Meditation and mindfulness
Diet and nutrition changes
Natural remedies

Talk Therapy

Talk therapy, also known as psychotherapy, is a type of treatment that involves talking to a mental health professional about your feelings and experiences.

It can be effective for treating symptoms of depression and anxiety and can be a good alternative to medication during pregnancy.

Exercise

Exercising can also be beneficial for those struggling with symptoms of depression or anxiety. It helps to release endorphins, which can improve mood and reduce stress.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before beginning an exercise program during pregnancy.

Meditation and Mindfulness

Meditation and mindfulness practices can help reduce stress and promote feelings of calm and relaxation. This can be especially helpful for those dealing with symptoms of anxiety or depression during pregnancy.

There are many resources available online for learning how to practice meditation and mindfulness at home.

Diet and Nutrition Changes

Eating a healthy and balanced diet can also be beneficial for those dealing with symptoms of depression or anxiety.

Certain foods, such as those high in omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to have a positive impact on mood and can be incorporated into your daily diet.

Natural Remedies

There are also natural remedies that can be helpful for reducing symptoms of depression or anxiety during pregnancy. Some of these include herbal supplements, aromatherapy, and acupuncture.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before beginning any new treatment during pregnancy.

Conclusion

While antidepressants can be helpful for those struggling with symptoms of depression or anxiety, they can come with risks and side-effects when taken during pregnancy.

It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of taking antidepressants with your healthcare provider to make an informed decision about your treatment plan. There are also alternative options for treating depression and anxiety during pregnancy that can be effective and safer for both the mother and the developing fetus.