Experiencing vaginal bleeding after intercourse can be concerning and unsettling. However, there are several reasons why this can happen, and most of the time, it’s not a cause for alarm.

1. Cervical Ectropion

Cervical ectropion, also known as cervical erosion, is a condition where the glandular cells that typically line the inside of the cervical canal extend outward onto the surface of the cervix.

This can cause the cervix to appear red, inflamed, and irritated. It’s estimated that nearly half of all women of reproductive age have cervical ectropion.

Bleeding after intercourse is a common symptom of cervical ectropion. The bleeding is typically light and may be accompanied by mild discomfort or pain.

The condition is usually harmless and does not require treatment unless it’s causing significant symptoms or becoming bothersome.

2. Vaginal Dryness

Vaginal dryness can make intercourse uncomfortable and cause microscopic tears or cuts in the vaginal wall, leading to bleeding.

This can occur due to hormonal changes (such as during menopause or after childbirth), certain medications (such as antihistamines or antidepressants), or as a side effect of chemotherapy.

Using a water-based lubricant can help reduce friction and prevent bleeding during intercourse. Additionally, discussing any hormonal concerns with a healthcare provider may lead to alternative treatment options.

3. Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomoniasis can cause bleeding after intercourse. These infections can cause inflammation and irritation of the cervix and vaginal wall, which can lead to spotting or bleeding.

Other symptoms of STIs may include pain during intercourse, unusual discharge, or itching or burning in the genital area.

STIs should be diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or infertility. Regular STI testing and practicing safe sex can help reduce the risk of contracting STIs.

When to See a Healthcare Provider

While bleeding after intercourse is typically not a cause for concern, there are situations in which it’s important to seek medical attention.

Women experiencing heavy bleeding, severe pain, or other concerning symptoms should contact their healthcare provider immediately.

If there’s a history of abnormal Pap smears, or if the bleeding is persistent, periodic, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, a healthcare provider will likely want to perform further testing or exams.

Final Thoughts

Bleeding after intercourse is often a benign condition, but it can be worrisome and uncomfortable. Knowing the possible causes and seeking appropriate medical care can help alleviate symptoms and ease concerns.