Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that affects the cervix, the narrow lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with the highest incidence in developing countries.

While cervical cancer can be a serious and potentially life-threatening disease, it is highly treatable when detected early. Here, we will discuss the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer to help women recognize them early on and seek appropriate medical attention.

What Causes Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is primarily caused by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection.

Most sexually active individuals come into contact with HPV at some point in their lives, but the immune system can usually fight off the infection. In some cases, however, the virus can persist and lead to the development of precancerous or cancerous cells in the cervix.

Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms

It is important for women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer so that they can seek medical evaluation and treatment promptly. Here are some key signs to look out for:.

1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding:

One of the most common symptoms of cervical cancer is irregular vaginal bleeding. This can include bleeding between menstrual periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional if you experience any unusual bleeding.

2. Unusual vaginal discharge:

Another potential sign of cervical cancer is an abnormal vaginal discharge. This discharge may have an unpleasant odor, a thick consistency, or appear bloody.

If you notice any changes in your vaginal discharge, it is important to discuss them with your doctor.

3. Pelvic pain:

Cervical cancer may cause pelvic pain, which can range from a dull ache to sharp, intense discomfort. This pain may occur during sexual intercourse, between periods, or during urination.

Persistent pelvic pain should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

4. Pain during sexual intercourse:

Some women with cervical cancer may experience pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse. This can be due to the presence of tumors or inflammation in the cervix.

If you regularly experience pain during sex, it is crucial to bring it to the attention of your doctor.

5. Changes in urination:

In advanced stages, cervical cancer can affect the bladder and cause changes in urination. These changes may include pain or discomfort during urination, increased frequency of urination, or blood in the urine.

If you notice any unusual urinary symptoms, seek medical advice.

6. Fatigue and weight loss:

As with many types of cancer, cervical cancer can cause fatigue and unintentional weight loss.

If you experience persistent fatigue, weakness, or unexplained weight loss, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause.

7. Back and leg pain:

In advanced stages, cervical cancer may spread to nearby tissues and organs, leading to back and leg pain.

If you have unexplained pain in these areas, especially if it persists over time, it is advisable to seek medical attention for further evaluation.

8. Swelling of the legs:

When cervical cancer spreads to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body, it can cause swelling in the legs. This swelling, known as lymphedema, may be accompanied by pain or a feeling of heaviness in the legs.

Consult your doctor if you notice any abnormal swelling.

9. Changes in bowel habits:

Cervical cancer can occasionally affect the nearby structures, such as the rectum, leading to changes in bowel habits. These changes can include constipation, diarrhea, or a feeling of incomplete bowel movements.

If you experience persistent alterations in your bowel movements, it is essential to discuss them with your doctor.

10. Anemia:

In some cases, cervical cancer can cause anemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells. Anemia can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and paleness.

If you experience these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation.

Conclusion

Early recognition of the signs and symptoms of cervical cancer is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. If you experience any of the mentioned symptoms, it is important not to ignore them and to seek medical advice promptly.

Regular screenings and HPV vaccinations also play a vital role in preventing cervical cancer and its complications.