Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth. It is one of the leading causes of tooth loss and can also have an impact on your overall health.

It is essential to identify the signs and symptoms of periodontitis early on to prevent further damage. In this article, we will discuss what periodontitis is, its causes, symptoms, and available treatments.

What is periodontitis?

Periodontitis is an advanced stage of gum disease that occurs when the infection spreads to the bone and tissues supporting the teeth. It primarily happens due to poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque to accumulate and harden into tartar.

Tartar buildup leads to bacteria growth, causing inflammation and infection in the gums. Without proper treatment, periodontitis can result in tooth loss and severe damage to the gums and bone.

Causes of periodontitis

Several factors contribute to the development of periodontitis:.

1. Poor oral hygiene:

Inadequate brushing, flossing, and not regularly visiting the dentist can lead to the buildup of plaque and tartar, increasing the risk of periodontitis.

2. Smoking:

Smoking weakens the immune system and impairs the body’s ability to fight off infections, making smokers more susceptible to periodontitis.

3. Genetics:

Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to gum disease and, therefore, have a higher risk of developing periodontitis.

4. Systemic conditions:

Health conditions like diabetes, immunodeficiency disorders, and hormonal changes in women can increase the likelihood of developing gum disease, including periodontitis.

5. Medications:

Certain medications, such as oral contraceptives, antidepressants, and antiseizure drugs, can affect gum health and increase the risk of gum disease.

Symptoms of periodontitis

The signs and symptoms of periodontitis may vary from person to person, but they often include:.

1. Persistent bad breath

If you experience chronic bad breath that does not go away even after brushing or using mouthwash, it could be a sign of periodontitis.

2. Red, swollen gums

Gums that are swollen, tender to touch, and appear red are common indicators of gum disease and should be evaluated by a dentist.

3. Bleeding gums

Healthy gums should not bleed when you brush or floss. If you notice blood in your saliva or while brushing, it may be an early sign of periodontitis.

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4. Receding gums

Gums that pull away from the teeth, making them appear longer than usual, can be a sign of advanced gum disease.

5. Tooth sensitivity

Increased sensitivity to hot or cold foods and beverages can indicate periodontitis, as the gums recede and expose the tooth roots.

6. Loose or shifting teeth

As the infection progresses and damages the bone supporting the teeth, they may become loose or shift in position.

Treatment options for periodontitis

Early detection and treatment are essential in managing periodontitis. The primary goal of treatment is to control the infection, stabilize the condition, and prevent further damage. Treatment options for periodontitis include:.

1. Scaling and root planing

This nonsurgical procedure involves deep cleaning of the teeth and gums, removing plaque, tartar, and bacteria from the root surfaces.

2. Antibiotics

Antibiotics may be prescribed to control infection and reduce inflammation. They can be taken orally or applied directly to the infected areas.

3. Surgical intervention

In advanced cases, surgical procedures like flap surgery, bone grafts, or tissue regeneration may be necessary to repair damage and restore oral health.

Preventing periodontitis

The best way to prevent periodontitis is by maintaining good oral hygiene practices:.

1. Brushing:

Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste. Ensure you brush for a full two minutes and cover all surfaces of your teeth.

2. Flossing:

Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from between the teeth and along the gumline.

3. Regular dental check-ups:

Visit your dentist at least twice a year for professional cleanings and thorough oral examinations.

4. Healthy lifestyle:

Avoid smoking or using tobacco products and maintain a nutritious diet to support overall oral and general health.

Conclusion

Periodontitis is a serious condition that can lead to tooth loss and impact your overall well-being. By understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and seeking timely treatment, you can prevent further damage and maintain a healthy smile.

Practice good oral hygiene, schedule regular dental visits, and take care of your gums to keep periodontitis at bay.