Keratoconus is an eye condition that results from the thinning of the cornea, leading to a cone-like shape. The gradual degenerative condition is characterized by distorted vision and can lead to severe blindness if not treated promptly.
Like other medical conditions, various factors can increase the risk of keratoconus.
Age
Age is a significant factor that can increase the risk of developing keratoconus. While it can occur at any age, the condition primarily affects teenagers and young adults in their late 20s to early 30s.
Genetics
Keratoconus has been shown to run in families, which means that people with a family history of the condition are more likely to develop it.
Studies also show that the condition is more common in people with Down syndrome and other connective tissue disorders.
Eye Rubbing
Eye rubbing can weaken the cornea and cause it to thin, which can increase the risk of developing keratoconus. It is particularly dangerous for people who rub their eyes forcefully and frequently.
Environmental factors
Environmental factors such as UV light exposure, pollution, and allergies can also increase the risk of keratoconus. People who live in urban areas, those who smoke, and those who are exposed to harsh chemicals are more susceptible to the condition.
Chronic Eye Irritation
Chronic eye irritation and inflammation can also lead to the development of keratoconus. A history of conditions such as ocular rosacea, inflammatory bowel disease, and atopic dermatitis can put a person at a higher risk of developing the condition.
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Contact Lens Wear
Prolonged use of improperly fitted contact lenses can put a person at a higher risk of developing keratoconus. The improper fit can cause the cornea to bulge, leading to thinning.
Hormonal Disorders
Women who have hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endocrine disorders are also at a heightened risk of developing keratoconus.
Injury to the Eye
Injury to the eye, such as blunt trauma or corneal abrasion, can damage the cornea and increase the risk of developing keratoconus.
Systemic Diseases
Finally, certain systemic diseases such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and osteogenesis imperfecta can increase the likelihood of developing keratoconus.
These conditions are characterized by mutations in the genes that are responsible for the production of collagen, which can result in weakened cornea tissue.
Conclusion
While keratoconus is often a progressive condition with no clear cause, various factors can increase the risk of developing it.
Age, genetics, environmental factors, chronic eye irritation, contact lens wear, hormonal disorders, injuries to the eye, and systemic diseases are all factors that can increase the risk. If you suspect that you may have keratoconus, speak to your eye doctor as soon as possible to get the appropriate treatment.
