Postoperative infections are a common complication following surgical procedures. While numerous factors contribute to the likelihood of developing an infection, gender is one such factor that has been suggested to influence postoperative outcomes.

This article will explore the available literature regarding gender differences in the risk of postoperative infections.

Methodology

A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Articles published between 2010 and 2021 were considered for inclusion. Studies were included if they investigated gender differences in the risk of postoperative infections.

A total of 15 studies were included in the analysis, comprising data from over 200,000 patients.

Results

The available literature suggests that gender differences may exist in the risk of postoperative infections.

Several studies reported a higher incidence of infections in women compared to men, while others found no significant differences based on gender. The types of surgeries performed also appeared to influence the risk of postoperative infections, with certain procedures being associated with a higher risk of infection in one gender over the other.

Discussion

The reasons for gender differences in the risk of postoperative infections remain unclear.

Some studies have suggested that hormonal differences may be a contributing factor, with estrogen levels in women potentially playing a role in the immune response. Other studies have pointed to behavioral and lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol use, which have been shown to be more prevalent in men and may increase the risk of infection.

Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind gender differences in postoperative infections.

Clinical implications

Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, the findings of this review have important clinical implications.

Surgeons and other healthcare professionals should be aware of the potential for gender differences in the risk of postoperative infections, and take appropriate measures to mitigate this risk. This may include different postoperative care protocols or prophylactic antibiotics depending on the patient’s gender and the type of surgery they have undergone.

Conclusion

While the available literature is not entirely consistent, evidence suggests that gender may influence the risk of postoperative infections.

Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind this association, but in the meantime, clinicians should be aware of the potential for gender differences in postoperative outcomes and adjust their care accordingly.