Kidney stones are small, hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys. They can cause excruciating pain and lead to various complications if left untreated. Recognizing the symptoms of kidney stones is crucial for early detection and timely treatment.

In this article, we will discuss 30 common symptoms of kidney stones to help you determine if you may be affected.

1. Severe Abdominal or Back Pain

One of the hallmark symptoms of kidney stones is severe pain in the abdomen or back. The pain can be sharp and intermittent, and often radiates to the groin area.

If you experience unexplained and intense abdominal or back pain, it could be an indication of kidney stones.

2. Blood in Urine

Visible blood in urine, known as hematuria, is a common symptom of kidney stones. The presence of blood gives the urine a pink, red, or brownish color.

If you notice blood in your urine, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

3. Changes in Urination

Kidney stones can affect the normal urine flow and lead to changes in urination patterns. These changes may include increased frequency of urination, urgency to urinate, or decreased urine volume.

If you experience any significant changes in your urine habits, it could be a sign of kidney stones.

4. Painful Urination

Passing urine can be extremely painful for individuals with kidney stones. The pain may be experienced as a burning sensation or discomfort during urination.

If you notice persistent pain while urinating, it is advisable to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment.

5. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine

Kidney stones can cause changes in urine appearance and odor. If your urine appears cloudy or has a strong, unpleasant smell, it could indicate the presence of kidney stones.

These changes occur due to the presence of minerals and chemicals in the urine, which are commonly found in kidney stones.

6. Frequent Urinary Tract Infections

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) may be a symptom of kidney stones. The stones can obstruct the normal flow of urine, providing a breeding ground for bacteria.

If you experience repeated UTIs without any known cause, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

7. Nausea and Vomiting

In some cases, kidney stones can cause nausea and vomiting. The pain associated with kidney stones can stimulate the nerves that control nausea and vomiting.

If you experience these symptoms along with other signs of kidney stones, it is important to seek medical attention.

8. Fever and Chills

If kidney stones cause an infection or blockage, it may lead to the development of fever and chills. These symptoms indicate a potential complication of kidney stones and require immediate medical attention.

Fever and chills may be accompanied by other signs of infection, such as increased heart rate and body aches.

9. Abdominal Tenderness

The presence of kidney stones can cause tenderness in the abdominal area. You may experience discomfort or sensitivity when pressure is applied to the affected area.

Abdominal tenderness, along with other symptoms, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis.

10. Groin or Testicular Pain

Since the kidneys are located near the groin area, kidney stones can cause referred pain to the genitals. Men may experience intense pain in the testicles, while women may feel discomfort in the vaginal area.

If you have unexplained pain in the groin or genitals, kidney stones could be the underlying cause.

11. Painful Flank Area

The flank area, located between the lower ribs and the hip, is susceptible to pain due to kidney stone-related issues. The pain may be localized or extend to the back, abdomen, or groin.

If you have persistent pain in the flank area, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.

12. Urinary Urgency

Kidney stones can cause a sudden and urgent need to urinate, even if the bladder is not full. This urinary urgency is often accompanied by discomfort or pain. If you frequently experience a strong urge to urinate, it could be a symptom of kidney stones.

13. Fatigue and Weakness

Chronic kidney stones and associated conditions can lead to fatigue and weakness. The repeated pain and discomfort can interfere with sleep patterns and overall well-being.

If you constantly feel tired or weak, it is important to consult a healthcare professional to identify the underlying cause.

14. Painful or Frequent Urination in Children

Kidney stones also affect children, although less commonly than adults. Children with kidney stones may experience pain or discomfort during urination, and they may need to urinate more frequently than usual.

If your child exhibits these symptoms, it is necessary to seek immediate medical attention.

15. Radiating Pain

Kidney stone pain often radiates from the back or abdomen to other areas, such as the groin, thighs, or lower abdomen. This radiating pain is known as referred pain.

If you have unexplained pain that moves from one area to another, it could be an indication of kidney stones.

16. Unexplained Weight Loss

In some cases, kidney stones can cause unexpected weight loss. The constant pain and discomfort associated with kidney stones can decrease appetite and lead to unintentional weight loss.

If you have been losing weight without any known cause, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.

17. Difficulty Sitting or Finding Comfortable Positions

Kidney stone pain can be severe enough to make it difficult to find a comfortable sitting or lying position. Individuals with kidney stones often experience fluctuating levels of discomfort, making it challenging to engage in daily activities.

If you find it hard to sit or constantly shift positions due to unexplained pain, kidney stones could be the cause.

18. Renal Colic

Renal colic is a term used to describe the intense pain caused by kidney stones. The pain typically comes in waves and can last for several minutes to hours. Renal colic is often felt in the flank area and can be debilitating.

If you experience excruciating pain that comes and goes, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention.

19. Painful Bowel Movements

In rare cases, kidney stones can interfere with the normal movement of the bowels. This can lead to pain and discomfort during bowel movements.

If you experience pain or changes in your bowel habits, it is important to discuss these symptoms with a healthcare professional.

20. Visible Kidney Stones in Urine

In some instances, individuals may be able to observe kidney stones in their urine. These stones may appear as small, solid particles or sand-like grains.

It is important to collect any visible stones for proper analysis and consult a healthcare professional for guidance.

21. Changes in Urine pH

Kidney stones can affect the pH balance of urine. Depending on the composition of the stones, urine pH may become more acidic or alkaline. Analyzing the pH level of your urine through a simple test can provide insights into the presence of kidney stones.

22. Recurrent Kidney Infections

Kidney stones can increase the risk of developing kidney infections. Recurrent kidney infections may indicate the presence of stones that obstruct the normal flow of urine, allowing bacteria to multiply.

If you have a history of kidney infections, it is important to consider kidney stones as a potential underlying cause.

23. Renal Dysfunction

In some cases, kidney stones can lead to impaired kidney function or renal dysfunction. This is particularly observed in individuals with large or multiple stones that cause persistent obstruction.

Kidney function can be evaluated through blood tests, and any signs of renal dysfunction should be immediately addressed.

24. Diarrhea or Digestive Discomfort

Kidney stones can occasionally cause digestive issues, including diarrhea or abdominal discomfort. These symptoms may be the result of increased sensitivity in the digestive tract due to the presence of kidney stones.

If you experience persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

25. Lack of Appetite

Similar to unexplained weight loss, kidney stones can also lead to a decrease in appetite. The associated pain and discomfort can make eating unappealing, resulting in reduced food intake.

If you consistently have a lack of appetite, it is important to discuss this with a healthcare professional.

26. Elevated Heart Rate

In certain cases, kidney stones can cause an increase in heart rate. The intense pain associated with kidney stones can trigger a stress response, leading to an elevation in heart rate.

If you notice a rapid or irregular heartbeat along with other symptoms, it is advisable to seek medical attention.

27. Painful Intercourse

Kidney stones can cause pain during sexual intercourse. The presence of stones can lead to discomfort in the pelvic area, making sexual activity painful.

If you experience pain or discomfort during intercourse that is not attributed to other causes, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional.

28. High Blood Pressure

Chronic kidney stones can contribute to the development of high blood pressure or worsen existing hypertension.

The exact mechanism behind this relationship is not fully understood, but it reinforces the importance of managing kidney stone-related issues to maintain overall health.

29. Renal Nausea

Renal nausea is a term used to describe the specific nausea associated with kidney stones or kidney-related issues. This type of nausea is often accompanied by pain and discomfort in the renal area.

If you experience renal nausea, it is important to seek medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment.

30. Family History of Kidney Stones

If you have a family history of kidney stones, you may be at a higher risk of developing them yourself. Genetic factors can contribute to the formation and composition of kidney stones.

If your family has a history of kidney stones, it is advisable to be vigilant and aware of potential symptoms.

Conclusion

Kidney stones can cause a wide range of symptoms, which can vary from person to person. It is important to be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if you experience any of them.

Early diagnosis and proper treatment can help prevent complications and improve the overall management of kidney stones. If you suspect you have kidney stones, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.