During the colder months, it’s common to catch a cold or get the flu. Both are respiratory illnesses, but knowing which one you have is important because treatment options differ.

Here are some key differences to help you identify whether you have the flu or the common cold:.

Symptoms

The symptoms of the flu and the common cold can be similar, but they have some distinct differences. The common cold usually comes on gradually and may include symptoms such as:.

Cough
Sore throat
Nasal congestion
Runny nose
Fatigue
Sneezing
Muscle aches
Watery eyes

The flu can also include these symptoms, but they tend to be more severe and come on suddenly. In addition to the symptoms of the common cold, the flu can include:.

Fever (usually above 100°F)
Chills
Headache
Dizziness
Vomiting and diarrhea (more common in children)

Duration

The duration of the flu and the common cold can also differ. A cold will usually last for around a week, although some symptoms may persist for up to two weeks.

The symptoms of the flu, on the other hand, can be more severe and last for two to three weeks.

Transmission

The flu and the common cold are both contagious respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses. The common cold is caused by a group of viruses, while the flu is caused by the influenza virus.

Both illnesses can be transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The viruses can also be spread by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth or nose.

Prevention

The best way to prevent the flu is to get vaccinated each year.

The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone over the age of six months, especially those who are at higher risk of developing complications from the flu, such as young children, pregnant women, and people with chronic medical conditions.

Preventing the common cold can be more challenging because there is no vaccine, but there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of getting sick:.

Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
Avoid close contact with people who are sick
Avoid touching your face, especially your mouth, nose, and eyes
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze
Clean and disinfect surfaces regularly, especially those that are frequently touched

Treatment

The treatment for the flu and the common cold is different. For the common cold, over-the-counter medications can help relieve symptoms such as congestion, cough, and sore throat. Rest and fluids are also important.

Antiviral medications may be prescribed for the treatment of the flu, especially if it has been less than 48 hours since symptoms began. These medications can reduce the severity and duration of the illness.

Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications can also help alleviate symptoms of the flu.

When to seek medical help

Most cases of the common cold and the flu can be treated at home with over-the-counter medications and rest. However, there are some situations in which medical attention may be necessary:.

If symptoms persist or worsen after a week
If you have a high fever (over 101°F) that does not respond to over-the-counter medication
If you experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or chest pain
If you develop severe headaches, confusion, or seizures
If you are at higher risk of complications from the flu, such as young children, pregnant women, and people with chronic medical conditions

Conclusion

The flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses, but they have some distinct differences. Knowing which one you have is important because treatment options differ. The best way to prevent the flu is to get vaccinated each year.

For the common cold, over-the-counter medications can help relieve symptoms, and rest and fluids are important. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention.