Hypothyroidism, also known as an underactive thyroid, is a medical condition that occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones. This condition can be seen in people of all ages, including children and teenagers.

In this article, we’ll be discussing the symptoms of hypothyroidism in children, which, if detected early, can help your child receive prompt and effective treatment.

What is hypothyroidism?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in your child’s neck. It produces hormones that regulate important bodily functions, including metabolism, energy production, and growth and development.

When the gland is not functioning properly, it can lead to hypothyroidism.

There are two types of hypothyroidism: primary hypothyroidism and secondary hypothyroidism.

Primary hypothyroidism occurs when there is a problem with the thyroid gland itself, while secondary hypothyroidism occurs when there is a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which are responsible for regulating the production of thyroid hormones.

Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism in children

Here are some signs and symptoms that your child may be showing if they have hypothyroidism:.

1. Poor growth and development

Children with hypothyroidism may experience poor physical growth and delayed development. They may also have delayed puberty and slower mental development compared to children who do not have the condition.

2. Weight gain and fatigue

Children with hypothyroidism may gain weight despite having a poor appetite, and they may also feel tired and lethargic.

3. Constipation

Children with hypothyroidism may experience constipation, which can lead to abdominal discomfort and pain.

4. Dry skin and hair loss

Children with hypothyroidism may have dry skin and hair. They may also experience hair loss, which can be particularly noticeable on the scalp and eyebrows.

5. Cold intolerance

Children with hypothyroidism may feel excessively cold, even when the temperature is normal. They may also have a lower body temperature than usual.

6. Hoarse voice

A hoarse voice can be a symptom of hypothyroidism. This is because the condition can cause the vocal cords to thicken, leading to voice changes.

7. Elevated cholesterol

Hypothyroidism can lead to high levels of cholesterol in the blood, which can increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems.

8. Joint pain and muscle weakness

Children with hypothyroidism may experience joint pain and muscle weakness, making it difficult to carry out day-to-day activities.

9. Mood changes

Changes in mood, such as depression or anxiety, can be symptoms of hypothyroidism in children. They may also experience problems with memory and concentration.

10. Swelling in the face, hands or legs

Some children with hypothyroidism may experience swelling in the face, hands, or legs, which can be a sign of fluid buildup.

Diagnosing hypothyroidism in children

If you suspect that your child has hypothyroidism, it’s important to talk to your doctor. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism can usually be made through a combination of physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tests.

During a physical exam, your child’s doctor will look for signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as dry skin, thinning hair, and slow reflexes.

They may also request blood tests to measure the levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) in your child’s body. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI may also be used to examine the thyroid gland and look for abnormalities.

Treating hypothyroidism in children

If your child is diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the treatment will usually involve hormone replacement therapy.

This involves taking synthetic thyroid hormone pills on a daily basis to make up for the hormones that the thyroid gland is not producing on its own. The dosage and type of hormone replacement therapy will depend on your child’s age, weight, and other medical conditions.

It’s important to monitor your child regularly after they start taking hormone replacement therapy to ensure that their thyroid hormone levels stay within a normal range.

Your child may need to undergo blood tests to measure their hormone levels and adjust their dosage if necessary. With prompt treatment, most children with hypothyroidism can lead normal, healthy lives.

Conclusion

If you suspect that your child may have hypothyroidism, it’s important to seek medical advice. Catching the condition early and working closely with your doctor to manage it can help ensure that your child stays healthy and happy.