Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body. It occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage.

Lupus can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can vary widely and mimic other conditions. In this article, we will explore the common symptoms of lupus and provide a better understanding of this complex disease.

1. Fatigue

One of the most prevalent symptoms of lupus is extreme fatigue. Many patients report feeling tired even after getting plenty of rest.

This persistent exhaustion can significantly impact a person’s quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.

2. Joint Pain and Swelling

Lupus commonly causes joint pain and swelling, similar to arthritis. The pain can be mild or severe and can affect multiple joints simultaneously. Stiffness and tenderness are also common symptoms.

The joints most frequently affected are the fingers, wrists, knees, and ankles.

3. Skin Rashes

Another characteristic symptom of lupus is the presence of skin rashes. These rashes typically appear on the face, particularly across the nose and cheeks, in a shape resembling a butterfly.

However, lupus can cause rashes on other parts of the body as well. The rashes may be itchy, scaly, and worsen with sun exposure.

4. Photosensitivity

People with lupus often experience increased sensitivity to sunlight and artificial UV light. Exposure to sunlight can trigger or worsen lupus symptoms, including rashes, joint pain, and fatigue.

It is crucial for individuals with lupus to protect their skin by wearing sun-protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding direct sunlight.

5. Chest Pain and Shortness of Breath

Lupus can affect the heart and lungs, leading to chest pain and difficulty breathing.

Inflammation of the lining surrounding the heart (pericarditis) can cause sharp chest pain, while inflammation of the lungs (pleurisy) can result in chest pain that worsens with deep breathing. Shortness of breath may also be present due to lung involvement.

6. Kidney Problems

Lupus nephritis is a severe complication that affects the kidneys. It causes inflammation of the kidney tissue and can lead to kidney damage or failure if left untreated.

Symptoms of lupus nephritis include blood in the urine, changes in urine output, high blood pressure, and swelling in the legs and ankles.

7. Unexplained Fever

Recurring fever without any apparent cause is another symptom of lupus. The fever may be low-grade, coming and going, and accompanied by general malaise.

It is essential to monitor the body temperature regularly and report any unexplained fever to a healthcare provider.

8. Hair Loss

Lupus can cause hair loss, known as alopecia. The hair loss may be patchy or more widespread and can occur on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, and other body parts. In some cases, the hair may grow back, but for others, the loss may be permanent.

9. Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition where the blood vessels in the fingers and toes constrict in response to cold temperatures or stress. This can cause the affected digits to turn white, blue, or purple and become numb or tingly.

Raynaud’s is common in people with lupus and can be quite uncomfortable.

10. Cognitive Dysfunction

Sometimes referred to as “lupus fog,” many individuals with lupus experience cognitive dysfunction. This can include difficulties with memory, concentration, and problem-solving.

The cognitive symptoms can range from mild to severe and may interfere with daily activities and work performance.

Conclusion

Being aware of the various symptoms of lupus is crucial for early detection and proper management.

If you or someone you know is experiencing any combination of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation. Lupus is a complex disease, and each individual may experience a unique combination of symptoms.