As women approach menopause, they may experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms. One of the most common complaints during this time is frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

This article will explore the causes and prevention of UTIs during perimenopause.

What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause is the transition period before menopause when a woman’s body starts to produce less estrogen. It usually begins in a woman’s 40s but can start earlier or later.

Perimenopause lasts anywhere from a few months to a few years and ends once a woman reaches menopause, which is defined as 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.

Why Do Women Experience Frequent UTIs During Perimenopause?

UTIs are caused by bacteria that enter the urinary tract. Normally, the urinary tract is sterile, meaning that it is free of bacteria, viruses or fungi that can cause infection.

However, changes in estrogen levels during perimenopause can lead to a weakening of the urinary tract’s natural defenses against bacteria, making women more susceptible to UTIs.

When estrogen levels decline, the lining of the urinary tract becomes thinner, which can make it easier for bacteria to enter and cause an infection.

Additionally, the vaginal microbiome, the ecosystem of bacteria that resides in the vagina, can also change during perimenopause. This can lead to a shift in the type of bacteria that live in the vagina, making it easier for harmful bacteria to migrate to the urinary tract and cause an infection.

Other Factors That Increase the Risk of UTIs

Aside from hormonal changes, there are other factors that can increase a woman’s risk of developing UTIs during perimenopause. These include:.

Sexual activity: Sexual activity can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of an infection.
Diabetes: Diabetes increases the risk of developing UTIs because of changes in the immune system.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Certain abnormalities of the urinary tract, such as blockages or narrowing, can make it easier for bacteria to cause an infection.
Previous UTIs: Women who have had a UTI in the past are more likely to develop another UTI in the future.

Preventing UTIs During Perimenopause

Thankfully, there are steps that women can take to reduce the risk of UTIs during perimenopause. These include:.

1. Practice Good Hygiene

Good hygiene can help prevent the spread of bacteria that can cause UTIs. This includes wiping from front to back after using the bathroom and washing your genital area with plain water or mild soap daily.

2. Stay Hydrated

Drinking plenty of water helps to flush bacteria out of your system, reducing the risk of UTIs. Experts recommend drinking at least eight cups of water per day.

3. Urinate Often

Urinating frequently helps to flush bacteria out of your system before an infection can occur.

4. Take Probiotics

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome, reducing the risk of UTIs. Good sources of probiotics include yogurt, kefir, and fermented foods such as sauerkraut and kimchi.

5. Wear Cotton Underwear

Cotton underwear is breathable and absorbs moisture, which can help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in the genital area.

6. Avoid Irritating Products

Avoid using irritating products such as douches, powders, and other genital hygiene products that can upset the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.

7. Use Lubrication

The thinning of the vaginal lining during perimenopause can cause discomfort during sex. Using a water-based lubricant can reduce friction and minimize any irritation that may lead to UTIs.

8. Consider Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy, which involves taking estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progesterone, can help restore the natural hormone balance in women during perimenopause.

This can help improve the health of the urinary tract and reduce the risk of UTIs.

Conclusion

While UTIs can be a frustrating and painful part of perimenopause, there are steps that women can take to reduce the risk of infections.

Staying hydrated, maintaining good hygiene, and avoiding irritating products are all important for minimizing the risk of UTIs. Taking probiotics and considering hormone therapy can also be beneficial for some women.