A miscarriage is a pregnancy loss that occurs before 20 weeks of gestation. It is a common and devastating experience for many women and their partners.

The exact cause of most miscarriages is unknown, but there are certain risk factors that can increase the likelihood of a miscarriage. Here are eight factors that raise the risk of miscarriage:.

1. Maternal Age

Maternal age is one of the most important factors that affect the risk of miscarriage. Women who are older than 35 years old have a higher risk of miscarriage than younger women.

This is because the quality of the eggs declines with age, making them more prone to chromosomal abnormalities that can lead to miscarriage.

2. Previous Miscarriage

Women who have had one or more miscarriages before are at an increased risk of having another miscarriage. The risk goes up with each successive pregnancy loss.

The cause of recurrent miscarriage is often unknown, but it may be due to genetic or hormonal factors, or problems with the uterus or cervix.

3. Medical Conditions

Women with certain medical conditions are at a higher risk of miscarriage. These include thyroid disorders, poorly controlled diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and infections such as rubella and cytomegalovirus.

4. Lifestyle Factors

Certain lifestyle factors can also raise the risk of miscarriage. These include smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use. Women who are overweight or obese also have a higher risk of miscarriage.

5. Uterine Abnormalities

Uterine abnormalities such as fibroids, polyps, or a septate uterus can increase the risk of miscarriage. These conditions can affect the implantation of the embryo or lead to problems with the growth and development of the fetus.

6. Inherited Thrombophilia

Sometimes, miscarriage can be caused by inherited blood clotting disorders such as thrombophilia.

These conditions can increase the risk of blood clots, which can prevent proper blood flow to the placenta and lead to fetal growth problems or miscarriage.

7. Environmental Factors

Exposure to certain environmental toxins can also raise the risk of miscarriage. These include chemicals such as lead, mercury, and pesticides, as well as radiation and high levels of air pollution.

8. Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Women who undergo assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) have a slightly higher risk of miscarriage.

This is partly because the process of IVF involves manipulating and implanting embryos, which can sometimes lead to chromosomal abnormalities or other problems.

Knowing the risk factors for miscarriage can help you take steps to reduce your risk and increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy. If you are concerned about your risk of miscarriage, talk to your doctor or a pregnancy specialist.