Gastritis, inflammation of the stomach lining, is a common cause of stomach pain.

It can be caused by various factors, including bacterial or viral infections, excessive alcohol consumption, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or stress. Symptoms of gastritis include abdominal pain, bloating, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment involves medication to reduce stomach acid, avoiding triggers like alcohol and NSAIDs, and adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle.

2. Gastric Ulcers

Gastric ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. They occur due to an imbalance between stomach acid and the protective lining.

Common causes include long-term use of NSAIDs, infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, and excessive acid production. Symptoms may include a burning sensation in the stomach, bloating, and vomiting. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection, medications to reduce stomach acid, and lifestyle changes.

3. Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small organ located in the lower right abdomen. It typically causes severe pain in the right side of the abdomen. Other symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Appendicitis requires immediate medical attention and may require surgical removal of the appendix to prevent complications like a burst appendix.

4. Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys. When they move into the urinary tract, they can cause severe abdominal pain. The pain often starts in the side or lower back and radiates to the abdomen.

Other symptoms can include blood in the urine, frequent urination, and a persistent urge to urinate. Treatment varies depending on the size and location of the stones and may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or surgical procedures.

5. Gallbladder Stones

Gallbladder stones, also known as gallstones, are hardened deposits within the gallbladder. These stones can cause abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right portion of the abdomen. The pain may be intense and can radiate to the back or shoulder.

Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Treatment options include medication to dissolve the stones, surgical removal of the gallbladder, or shock wave therapy to break up larger stones.

6. Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, a gland responsible for producing enzymes to aid digestion and regulate blood sugar levels. Acute pancreatitis causes sudden and severe upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back.

Other symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, and increased heart rate. Chronic pancreatitis develops over time and can result in persistent abdominal pain and digestive problems. Treatment involves medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.

7. Indigestion

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a common cause of stomach pain. It refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdominal region and is often associated with bloating, belching, and a feeling of fullness.

Indigestion can be triggered by overeating, consuming fatty or spicy foods, smoking, or stress. Lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and over-the-counter antacids can help alleviate symptoms.

8. Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as the stomach flu, is an infection of the stomach and intestines. It is often caused by viruses or bacteria, and common symptoms include stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fever.

Treatment involves staying hydrated, resting, and in severe cases, medication prescribed by a healthcare professional. Prevention involves practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding contaminated food and water.

9. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder that affects the large intestine. It is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, along with changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or a combination of both.

The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but triggers may include certain foods, stress, hormonal changes, or bacterial overgrowth. Management involves dietary modifications, stress reduction techniques, and medications to alleviate symptoms.

10. Peptic Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or the upper portion of the small intestine. They can cause upper abdominal pain, typically described as a burning or gnawing sensation.

Other symptoms may include bloating, nausea, vomiting, and unintended weight loss. Peptic ulcers are commonly caused by H. pylori infection or long-term use of NSAIDs. Treatment includes medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, and lifestyle changes.