Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox.
After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant in nerve tissues and can reactivate later in life, causing shingles.
Symptoms of Herpes Zoster
The symptoms of herpes zoster may vary from person to person, but they generally include:.
- A painful rash, most commonly on one side of the body
- Blisters that break open and crust over
- Itching and burning sensation
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Fatigue
Causes of Herpes Zoster
As mentioned before, the varicella-zoster virus causes herpes zoster. After a person has chickenpox, the virus remains in their nerve tissues. Years later, the virus can reactivate, usually due to a weakened immune system or stress.
The reactivated virus then travels along the nerve pathways, causing shingles.
Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster
People who are at higher risk of developing herpes zoster include:.
- Those who are over 50 years of age, as the risk increases as you age
- People with weakened immune systems due to diseases such as HIV/AIDS or cancer
- Those who have received certain treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy
- People taking certain medications that weaken the immune system, such as immunosuppressants or steroids
Diagnosis of Herpes Zoster
Diagnosis of herpes zoster is usually based on the physical symptoms of the rash and blisters. A healthcare professional may also take a swab from the blister to confirm the diagnosis.
Related Article
The ABCs of Herpes Zoster
Treatment of Herpes Zoster
There are several treatments available for herpes zoster, including:.
- Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can help reduce the severity and duration of the symptoms if taken within 72 hours of the rash appearing
- Pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve the pain associated with the rash
- Topical lotions or creams can help soothe the skin and reduce itching
- Antidepressant medication may be prescribed for those who experience chronic pain after the rash has healed
Prevention of Herpes Zoster
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the herpes zoster vaccine for adults aged 50 years and older, even if they have already had shingles.
The vaccine can reduce the risk of developing shingles by 50% and also reduces the risk of long-term pain, a common complication of shingles.
Complications of Herpes Zoster
Herpes zoster can lead to several complications, including:.
- Postherpetic neuralgia, a condition where pain lasts for months or years after the rash has healed
- Eye problems, such as vision loss and inflammation of the eye
- Skin infections caused by the blisters becoming infected with bacteria
- Neurological problems such as meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain or spinal cord)
Conclusion
Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a viral infection that can cause a painful rash and blisters. It is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox.
Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk for developing shingles later in life, especially those over 50 years of age or with weakened immune systems. Treatment options include antiviral medication, pain relief, and topical creams. The herpes zoster vaccine is recommended for adults over 50 years old to reduce the risk of developing shingles and its complications.
