Infertility is often perceived as a women’s problem, but this is far from the truth. Men can also experience infertility, which can have a significant impact on their mental and emotional health.

Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive after at least one year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. Approximately, 15 % of couples worldwide experience infertility, and approximately 50 % of these cases are attributed to male factors only.

What Causes Male Infertility?

The most common causes of male infertility include:.

1. Low Sperm Count

A man with a low sperm count may have difficulty fertilizing eggs.

This can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor lifestyle choices, hormonal imbalances, and infections, including sexually transmitted diseases or inflammation of the testicles, also known as orchitis.

2. Abnormal Sperm Shape and Size

Sperm shape, size, and movement can also be a factor in male infertility. Sperm with abnormalities may be unable to fertilize an egg successfully.

3. Erectile and Ejaculatory Problems

A man who is unable to achieve or maintain an erection may have infertility issues.

Ejaculatory problems, such as retrograde ejaculation, where semen is discharged into the bladder instead of the penis during ejaculation, can also be a cause of infertility.

4. Genetics

In some cases, genetic factors can play a role in male infertility. This includes conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome, where men are born with an extra X chromosome, or Y chromosome microdeletion, which can lead to low sperm count.

5. Lifestyle Choices

Men who smoke, use drugs, or consume alcohol excessively may experience infertility. These lifestyle choices can affect the quality and quantity of sperm.

6. Environmental Factors

Exposure to environmental toxins, such as pesticides, solvents, and heavy metals, can also contribute to male infertility.

How is Male Infertility Diagnosed?

Diagnosing male infertility usually involves a physical examination, medical history review, and semen analysis. A semen analysis evaluates the quantity, quality, and movement of sperm. Hormone testing and genetic screening may also be conducted.

Imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, may be used to examine the reproductive organs. In some cases, a biopsy may be required to collect tissue samples for examination.

What are the Treatment Options for Male Infertility?

Treatment for male infertility will depend on the cause of the condition and may involve:.

1. Medications

If infertility is caused by hormonal imbalances, medications may be prescribed to restore normal hormone levels. Antibiotics may also be prescribed for infections.

2. Surgery

Surgery may be necessary to address underlying conditions such as varicoceles, which are enlarged veins in the testicles, or blockages in the ejaculatory ducts.

3. Assisted Reproductive Techniques

Assisted reproductive techniques such as In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be recommended for couples with infertility issues.

In IVF, eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting before being transferred to the woman’s uterus. In ICSI, a single sperm is directly injected into the egg in the laboratory.

Lifestyle Changes for Male Infertility

Men can take steps to improve their fertility by making lifestyle changes such as:.

1. Quit Smoking

Smoking has been linked to low sperm count and abnormal sperm shape and size. Quitting smoking can significantly improve sperm quality.

2. Limit Alcohol Intake

Excessive alcohol consumption can affect the quality of sperm. Men should limit their alcohol intake to improve the chances of conceiving.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity and being overweight can be a factor in male infertility. Men who are overweight should maintain a healthy weight to improve their chances of conceiving.

4. Wear Loose Clothing

Tight clothing, especially around the testicles, can raise the temperature in the scrotum, which can negatively impact sperm quality. Wearing loose clothing can help regulate temperature and improve sperm quality.

5. Reduce Stress

Stress can have a negative impact on hormone levels, which can affect sperm quality. Men should take steps to reduce stress, such as practicing yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.

The Bottom Line

Male infertility is a complex issue that can have a profound effect on a man’s mental, emotional, and physical well-being.

Understanding the causes of male infertility, getting a proper diagnosis, and seeking treatment can improve the chances of conceiving. Making lifestyle changes can also improve fertility and overall health.