Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a medical condition that can occur in women who undergo fertility treatments. The condition happens when a woman’s ovaries overreact to fertility drugs.

This reaction results in numerous eggs being produced by the ovaries, which can lead to ovarian enlargement and a range of uncomfortable symptoms.

In this article, we will examine the causes and symptoms of OHSS in more detail.

Causes of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

OHSS is typically caused by fertility treatments that are designed to stimulate a woman’s ovaries to produce more eggs than usual. These treatments include:.

1. In vitro fertilization (IVF)

During IVF treatment, fertility drugs are used to encourage the ovaries to produce several mature eggs that can be fertilized outside of the body.

In some cases, women may be given a higher dose of fertility drugs than is necessary, which can result in OHSS.

2. Gonadotropins

Gonadotropins are injectable hormones that stimulate the ovaries to produce more eggs. In some cases, women who use these drugs may develop OHSS.

Symptoms of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

The symptoms of OHSS can vary in severity. Some women may only experience mild symptoms, while others may require hospitalization. The symptoms usually develop several days after ovulation takes place and may include:.

1. Abdominal pain and bloating

As the ovaries become enlarged, women may experience abdominal pain and bloating. The pain may be mild or severe and can be accompanied by a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.

2. Nausea and vomiting

Some women with OHSS may experience nausea and vomiting, which can be severe in some cases. This symptom can be caused by the excess fluid that accumulates in the abdomen, which can cause stomach irritation.

3. Difficulty breathing

In rare cases, OHSS can cause fluid to accumulate in the chest, which can make breathing difficult. Women who experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

4. Rapid weight gain

OHSS can cause a rapid increase in weight, which is usually caused by the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen and other areas of the body. This symptom can be accompanied by swelling in the hands and feet.

5. Decreased urination

As OHSS progresses, the kidneys may be affected, which can lead to a decrease in urine production. Women who experience a significant reduction in urination should seek medical attention immediately.

6. Ovarian torsion

In some cases, OHSS can lead to ovarian torsion, which is a medical emergency. When the ovaries become enlarged, they can twist and cut off their blood supply, which can cause severe pain and can lead to permanent damage.

Preventing Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

The best way to prevent OHSS is to work with a qualified fertility specialist who can monitor hormone levels and adjust the dosage of fertility drugs as necessary.

Women should also be sure to disclose any medical conditions or medications they are taking to their doctor before beginning fertility treatments.