Painkillers are drugs that can help relieve pain. Pain is a common phenomenon that everyone experiences at different times in their life. Painkillers, also known as analgesics, are necessary when the pain is severe and lasts longer than a few weeks.

Types of Painkillers

There are different types of painkillers available, and they work differently. It’s essential to understand them, so you can choose the right medication for your pain. Below are the common types of painkillers:.

1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs are drugs that reduce inflammation and relieve pain. They are used to relieve pain from menstrual cramps, arthritis, back pains, headaches, and other types of pain. Some common NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.

However, these drugs can cause stomach upset, and taking them regularly can increase the risk of ulcers and bleeding.

2. Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen is used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. It’s commonly used for headaches, toothache, and menstrual cramps.

Unlike NSAIDs, Acetaminophen doesn’t cause stomach upset, but it can cause liver damage when taken in large amounts.

3. Opioids

Opioids are prescription drugs used to relieve severe pain. They are only used when other painkillers fail to provide relief. Some common opioids include codeine, morphine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.

However, opioids can be addictive when used for a long time, and their use can cause breathing problems or even death.

4. Topical Analgesics

Topical analgesics are creams or ointments that can be applied directly to the skin. They can help relieve muscular aches, joint pain, and back pain. Examples of topical analgesics include Capsaicin, BenGay, and Icy Hot.

They are an option for people who want to avoid taking oral medication.

How Painkillers Work

Painkillers work by blocking pain messages from reaching the brain or by reducing the inflammation that causes pain. Below are the types of pain that painkillers can relieve:.

1. Nociceptive Pain

Nociceptive pain is caused by tissue damage. It’s the most common type of pain and can be relieved with NSAIDs and Acetaminophen.

2. Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to the nervous system. This type of pain can be severe and is often long-lasting. It’s usually treated with opioids.

3. Inflammatory Pain

Inflammatory pain is caused by inflammation in the body. It’s usually treated with NSAIDs.

Side Effects of Painkillers

Painkillers can cause side effects, and it’s essential to be aware of them. Below are some common side effects:.

1. Stomach Upset

Painkillers like NSAIDs can cause stomach upset, ulcers, and bleeding when taken in large amounts or for an extended period.

2. Liver Damage

Acetaminophen can cause liver damage when taken in large amounts or when taken regularly.

3. Respiratory Depression

Opioids can cause respiratory depression, which means they can slow down breathing and cause death when taken in high doses.

4. Addiction

Opioids are addictive, and their long-term use can lead to dependence and addiction.

Conclusion

Painkillers are useful medications that can help relieve pain. However, they must be taken with caution. It’s important to understand the different types of painkillers and their uses so that you can choose the right medication for your pain.

Remember to follow the dosage instructions and talk to your doctor if you experience any side effects.