Fertility is a sensitive issue for women, being able to conceive and have children is seen as a natural step for many women around the world.

However, there are numerous factors that could affect one’s fertility, and some of which are not in their control. In this article, we will discuss some unpredictable factors that could influence female fertility.

Age

Age is one of the most predictable but unpredictable factors that could influence female fertility. As women age, their eggs age too, which means their chance of having a baby reduces.

By the time a woman reaches her early 30s, her fertility starts to decline, and it declines rapidly after 35.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when a woman has high levels of male hormones (androgens) and insulin resistance. The condition may cause irregular periods, acne, and weight gain.

The high androgen levels may cause difficulty in ovulating, and the insulin resistance may affect the lining of the uterus, making it challenging to conceive.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside the uterus, such as in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvis. It can cause pelvic pain, heavy periods, and infertility.

The tissue outside the uterus may affect the ovaries and fallopian tubes, leading to scarring or adhesions that may prevent conception.

Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are common in women of reproductive age and not all fibroids affect fertility.

However, fibroids that grow inside the uterine cavity or the ones that change the shape of the uterus may affect the ability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term.

Thyroid Disorders

The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism.

Thyroid imbalances, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland), may affect ovulation and menstruation and could cause infertility. Proper treatment for thyroid disorders can restore fertility.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases are a type of condition where the immune system attacks the body’s cells and tissues.

Certain autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), can interfere with ovulation and implantation and could lead to infertility. However, with proper management, women with autoimmune disorders may be able to have healthy pregnancies.

Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause damage to the ovaries, affecting their ability to produce mature eggs. The extent of damage depends on the individual and the type of treatment.

Women who have gone through cancer treatments may have reduced ovarian function or may be sterile. However, fertility preservation options exist that may help preserve fertility before treatment begins.

Surgical Procedures

Certain surgical procedures may affect a woman’s fertility. For instance, surgeries for endometriosis or fibroids may leave scars or adhesions that can block the fallopian tubes or affect the uterus’s capacity to carry a pregnancy.

Similarly, surgeries that involve the removal of the ovaries or uterus may cause infertility.

Genetic Factors

Some genetic factors may affect a woman’s fertility. Conditions such as Turner’s syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and balanced translocations can affect the ovaries’ ability to produce mature eggs.

Genetic counseling can help determine the likelihood of such conditions in individuals.

Environmental Factors

The environment and lifestyle factors may also have a significant impact on female fertility. Exposure to chemicals such as pesticides, lead, and other toxins may affect egg quality and quantity, ovulation, and reproductive health.

Likewise, poor diet, smoking, and excessive alcohol use may have a negative effect on fertility.

Conclusion

In conclusion, female fertility is affected by different factors, some of which are predictable while others are not.

While it may not be possible to control all factors that affect fertility, it is essential to understand the different factors that can impact fertility and when necessary, seek professional guidance. With proper diagnosis and management, some women may be able to overcome the challenges of infertility and have healthy pregnancies.