Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma are two types of bacteria that can pose a serious threat to fertility. These bacteria are often overlooked as they do not cause any noticeable symptoms, but they can have a significant impact on reproductive health.

In this article, we will explore what Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma are, how they can affect fertility, and how they can be diagnosed and treated.

What are Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma?

Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma are two types of bacteria that exist naturally in the human body, particularly in the genital and urinary tracts. However, when the numbers of these bacteria increase beyond a certain amount, they can cause infections.

Ureaplasma is a type of bacteria that belongs to the family Mycoplasmataceae. There are two subtypes of Ureaplasma – Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum.

Both subtypes can cause infections, but Ureaplasma urealyticum is more commonly associated with genital infections.

Mycoplasma is another type of bacteria that belongs to the same family as Ureaplasma. There are many species of Mycoplasma, but Mycoplasma genitalium is the species that is most commonly associated with genital infections.

How can Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma affect fertility?

Both Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma can cause infections in the reproductive system, leading to inflammation and scarring. Inflammation can damage the delicate structures in the reproductive system, such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus.

Repeated infections can cause scarring, which can lead to blockages in the fallopian tubes, preventing the eggs from traveling to the uterus.

Scar tissue can also prevent the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus, leading to infertility, or even ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

How are Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma diagnosed?

Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma infections are often diagnosed through a simple urine test. However, as these bacteria are difficult to culture, diagnosis can be challenging.

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing, a type of genetic testing, is often used to detect Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma.

In some cases, a doctor may perform a laparoscopy, a surgical procedure that involves inserting a small camera through a small incision in the abdomen, to check for scarring or blockages in the reproductive system.

How are Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma treated?

Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma infections are treated with antibiotics, such as azithromycin, doxycycline, or erythromycin. These medications are often taken for a period of one to two weeks.

It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if the symptoms disappear before the end of the treatment. Failure to complete the full course of antibiotics can lead to recurrent infections or antibiotic resistance.

Preventing Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma infections

The best way to prevent Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma infections is to practice safe sex. Always use condoms during sexual intercourse, and limit the number of sexual partners.

It is also essential to maintain good hygiene practices. Wash the genitals regularly with mild soap and warm water. Avoid using scented products, as they can irritate the genitals and increase the risk of infections.

Conclusion

Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma are often overlooked as they do not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, these bacteria can have a significant impact on reproductive health, leading to infertility, or even ectopic pregnancy.

If you suspect that you have a Ureaplasma or Mycoplasma infection, it is essential to seek medical attention as soon as possible. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the chances of conceiving and carrying a healthy pregnancy can be greatly improved.