A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition that can affect people of all ages. It’s estimated that at least 50% of women will experience a UTI in their lifetime.

While most UTIs are not serious and can be easily treated with antibiotics, they can sometimes lead to complications. In this article, we’ll look at some of the possible UTI complications, how to recognize them, and what to do if you experience them.

What is a UTI?

A UTI is an infection caused by bacteria that affects any part of the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.

UTIs are more common in women than men because women have a shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract. Common symptoms of a UTI include:.

Pain or burning sensation during urination
Urgent need to urinate
Frequent urination
Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
Lower abdominal pain
Fever or chills (if the infection has reached the kidneys)

Complications of UTIs

1. Recurrent UTIs

Some people may experience recurrent UTIs, which are defined as having two or more UTIs within six months or three or more UTIs within a year.

Recurrent UTIs can be caused by several factors, such as incomplete treatment of the initial infection, anatomic abnormalities in the urinary tract, or a compromised immune system. If you experience recurrent UTIs, your healthcare provider may recommend further testing to identify any underlying conditions.

2. Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a type of UTI that affects the kidneys. It can occur when a lower UTI (such as a bladder infection) is left untreated or if the bacteria travel up to the kidneys.

Pyelonephritis can cause fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and severe back pain. It can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. If left untreated, pyelonephritis can lead to kidney damage or even kidney failure.

3. Sepsis

Sepsis is a severe complication of UTIs that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Sepsis occurs when an infection spreads throughout the bloodstream, causing inflammation throughout the body.

It can cause fever, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and organ failure. People with weakened immune systems, such as older adults and people with chronic health conditions, are at a higher risk of developing sepsis.

4. Kidney abscess

A kidney abscess is a pocket of pus that forms in the kidney as a result of a bacterial infection. It can cause fever, chills, and back pain.

Kidney abscesses are usually treated with antibiotics, but in some cases, surgery may be needed to drain the abscess.

5. Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition in which the kidneys gradually lose function over time. UTIs can contribute to the development of CKD by causing scarring in the kidneys or by restricting blood flow to the kidneys.

If you have recurrent UTIs or if you’ve had a UTI that has spread to your kidneys, it’s important to monitor your kidney function and to follow up with your healthcare provider regularly.

Preventing UTI Complications

The best way to prevent UTI complications is to treat UTIs promptly and to take steps to prevent future infections. Some tips for preventing UTIs include:.

Drink plenty of water to flush bacteria out of your urinary tract
Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
Urinate before and after sexual activity
Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays and douches
Wash your genital area with mild soap and water

When to See Your Doctor

If you experience symptoms of a UTI, it’s important to see your healthcare provider promptly to prevent complications.

If you have symptoms of a kidney infection (such as fever, chills, and back pain) or if you develop symptoms of sepsis, seek emergency medical attention immediately. UTI complications can be serious, but with prompt treatment, most people recover fully.