Varicocele is a condition that affects the veins in the scrotum, the loose bag of skin that contains the testicles. It is a common condition that affects approximately 10-15% of men, and often develops during adolescence or early adulthood.

In this article, we will provide an overview of the varicocele condition and the available treatment options.

What is Varicocele?

Varicocele is a condition that occurs when the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, similar to varicose veins that can occur in the legs.

The veins are responsible for carrying blood away from the testicles, and when they become enlarged and swollen, they can cause discomfort, pain, and infertility in some cases.

The exact cause of varicocele is not known, but most experts agree that it is due to a malfunction of the valves in the veins that control the flow of blood.

When the valves don’t work properly, blood can flow back into the veins causing them to become enlarged and swollen.

What are the Symptoms of Varicocele?

Varicocele can cause a range of symptoms, including:.

Swelling in the scrotum
Pain
Discomfort
Heaviness in the scrotum
Testicles that feel like a bag of worms

Some men may not experience any symptoms from varicocele, and it is often detected during a routine physical exam or fertility evaluation.

However, if you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, it is important to see a healthcare professional for an evaluation.

How is Varicocele Diagnosed?

Varicocele is typically diagnosed through a physical exam. Healthcare professionals will examine the scrotum and testes for swelling and tenderness.

They may also perform a scrotal ultrasound or a color Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the blood flow in the scrotum and rule out any other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.

What are the Treatment Options for Varicocele?

Varicocele treatment is not always necessary, especially if the symptoms are not bothersome or if it is not affecting fertility.

However, if the condition is causing pain or infertility, or if the veins are significantly enlarged, treatment options should be considered.

Observation

In some cases, healthcare professionals may recommend “watchful waiting” or observation.

This means that the patient will be monitored for any changes or progression of the condition, but no treatment will be provided unless symptoms worsen.

Supportive Measures

Supportive measures, such as wearing tight-fitting underwear or a scrotal support, can help relieve discomfort and improve blood flow. Avoiding prolonged sitting or standing can also help reduce symptoms.

Surgery

If the symptoms are severe or affecting fertility, surgery may be needed to repair the enlarged veins. There are two main types of surgery:.

Open Surgery: A small incision is made in the groin or abdomen to access the enlarged veins, and they are tied off or removed. This is typically done under general anesthesia and can be done on an outpatient basis or require an overnight hospital stay.
Minimally-invasive Surgery: This type of surgery uses a small incision and a laparoscope to access the enlarged veins. The veins are then tied off or treated with a special solution that causes them to close. This type of surgery is typically done on an outpatient basis and has a shorter recovery time than open surgery.

Conclusion

Varicocele is a common condition that affects many men. While it is not always necessary to treat, it can cause pain and infertility, so it is important to seek treatment if the symptoms are bothersome.

The diagnosis is made through a physical exam and ultrasound, and treatment options include observation, supportive measures, or surgery. If you are experiencing symptoms of varicocele, speak with a healthcare professional for an evaluation and to discuss the available treatment options.