Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin. It is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and can spread quickly to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.

Being aware of the symptoms of melanoma is crucial to catching it in its early stages. In this article, we will discuss the most common melanoma symptoms that you should watch out for.

The ABCDE Rule

The ABCDE rule is an easy way to remember the signs of melanoma. Each letter stands for a specific characteristic of a mole that may indicate melanoma:.

Asymmetry: If one half of the mole does not match the other half.
Border irregularity: If the edges of the mole are ragged, notched, or blurred.
Color: If the color of the mole is not uniform and includes shades of brown, black, tan, white, red, or blue.
Diameter: If the diameter of the mole is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser).
Evolution: If the mole has changed in size, shape, color, or elevation, or if new symptoms such as itching, bleeding, or crusting have developed.

Unusual Moles or Birthmarks

In addition to the ABCDE criteria, there are other symptoms that may indicate melanoma. Keep an eye out for moles or birthmarks that are different from others on your body or have appeared suddenly.

These moles may be larger, have an irregular shape, or exhibit various shades of color within the same mole. If you notice any unusual or new moles, it is important to have them checked by a dermatologist.

Changes in Texture

Melanoma may also cause changes in the texture of the skin. Pay attention if a mole becomes raised, develops a bump, or becomes hard or lumpy.

Texture changes may be an indication that melanoma is present, and it is essential to seek medical attention in such cases.

Itching, Bleeding, or Other Symptoms

While not all itchy or bleeding moles indicate melanoma, these symptoms should not be ignored. If a mole starts to itch, bleed, or ooze, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.

Additionally, be wary of any mole or skin growth that develops an open sore or that looks inflamed or swollen.

Pain or Sensitivity

Melanoma may cause discomfort, pain, or sensitivity in the affected area.

If you experience any pain or tenderness in a mole or notice any other changes like itching, bleeding, or changes in color or shape, make an appointment with a dermatologist as soon as possible to get it evaluated.

Changes in Nails

Melanoma can also develop under or near fingernails and toenails, and it may lead to changes in the nail bed. Pay attention to any dark streaks, lines, or spots on your nails that have not been caused by an injury.

Changes in nail pigmentation, such as the appearance of a new dark band or a spreading of color from the cuticle, should not be ignored and should be promptly examined by a healthcare professional.

Lumps or Swellings

When melanoma spreads beyond the skin, it can form lumps or swellings under the skin. These may be felt as firm nodules or lumps and are often painless.

If you notice any unusual lumps or swellings on your body, seek medical attention to rule out any potential underlying issues.

Enlarged Lymph Nodes

If melanoma spreads to the nearby lymph nodes, they may become enlarged and tender. Pay attention to any swollen lymph nodes in areas close to a mole or birthmark, particularly if they persist for more than a few weeks.

Consult a healthcare professional if you suspect enlarged lymph nodes.

Changes in Vision

In rare cases, melanoma can affect the eyes. If you experience changes in your vision or notice dark spots on your iris, consult an ophthalmologist or an optometrist.

They can perform a thorough eye examination to check for any signs of melanoma or other eye conditions.

Genetic Factors and Family History

It is important to consider genetic factors and family history when assessing your risk of melanoma. Individuals with a family history of melanoma are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves.

Moreover, certain gene mutations, such as mutations in the CDKN2A or CDK4 genes, can increase the susceptibility to melanoma. If you have a family history of melanoma or known genetic mutations, it is crucial to be extra vigilant and undergo regular skin screenings.

Conclusion

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that requires early detection and treatment for the best chances of a successful outcome.

By being aware of the symptoms and regularly examining your skin for any concerning changes, you can help catch melanoma in its early stages. Remember the ABCDE rule and consult a healthcare professional if you notice any unusual or worrisome symptoms. Taking proactive steps and seeking medical attention when needed can greatly increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery.